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IRCT2016100230083N1 IRCT 2017-04-19 Vice chancellor for research of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Effects of cold therapy and electrical stimulation on signs and symptoms of muscle soreness due to overwork in amateur athletes Comparing effects of cryotherapy and TENS on signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness in amateur athletes 2017-05-05 anticipated 42 Complete https://irct.ir/trial/24018 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Single blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment. N/A Delayed onset muscle soreness. Intervention 1: Inducing delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) [Independent variable] [for all groups]: For inducing delayed onset muscle soreness in the hamstrings, the participant is in the kneeling position on a bed and the hands are by the sides. Distal of the legs is secured using a strap. The participant is asked to bend forward from the knees as further as possible. He is instructed not to bend the hip joints or the spine. In this way, the hamstrings have to control, eccentrically, the lowering of the thigh, pelvic and trunk segments as a rigid lever. The procedure consists of 12 sets including, six repetitions. Ten seconds and 2 min rest are allowed between each repetition and set, respectively. Intervention 2: Trans cutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation( TENS group): Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is applied by an ITO stimulator (Model 1207, ITO, Co., Ltd, Japan). The participant is in the prone position. One pair of rubber electrodes is placed longitudinally on the most painful site of the musculotendinous junction of the hamstrings in the lower one-third of the muscle. TENS is applied once in a day for three consecutive days. Frequency, pulse width and duration are set at 110 Hz, 200 µs, and 20 min, respectively. Intensity is increased up to a sensory level, that is, the participant should feel a paresthesia with no muscle contraction. Intervention 3: Cryotherapy( cryotherapy group): The participant is in the prone position. A wet towel is put on the hamstrings muscle. Ice bag containing mixed pieces of ice and water is put on the towel and covered by another towel. The intervention lasts for 20 min. The cryotherapy protocol consists of three repetitions daily (8-hour intervals) for three consecutive days. The size of the ice bag is chosen according to the contour of the hamstrings. Any adverse effect of icing is monitored by the researchers in the first session. Intervention 4: No intervention after inducing DOMS (control group): No intervention was prescribed for the control group after inducing DOMS.
public Dr. Kazem Malmir
Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Enghelab Street, Tehran, Iran
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) +98 21 7753 3939 kmalmir@tums.ac.ir School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences scientific Dr. Malmir Kazem
Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Enghelab Street, Tehran, Iran
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) +98 21 7753 3939 kmalmir@tums.ac.ir Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran (Islamic Republic of) Inclusion criteria: No lower extremity injury during previous year; No contraindication for using electrical stimulation or icing; No sensitivity to ice or electrical stimulation during the tests; Not any heavy training two weeks before performing the tests. Exclusion criteria: Any burning in the skin due to TENS or any frostbite due to cryotherapy; Any unsatisfactory feeling in participants to continue testing process 20 years 30 years Male M62.9 Disorder of muscle, unspecified Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Rehabilitation N/A Inducing delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) [Independent variable] [for all groups]: For inducing delayed onset muscle soreness in the hamstrings, the participant is in the kneeling position on a bed and the hands are by the sides. Distal of the legs is secured using a strap. The participant is asked to bend forward from the knees as further as possible. He is instructed not to bend the hip joints or the spine. In this way, the hamstrings have to control, eccentrically, the lowering of the thigh, pelvic and trunk segments as a rigid lever. The procedure consists of 12 sets including, six repetitions. Ten seconds and 2 min rest are allowed between each repetition and set, respectively. Trans cutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation( TENS group): Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is applied by an ITO stimulator (Model 1207, ITO, Co., Ltd, Japan). The participant is in the prone position. One pair of rubber electrodes is placed longitudinally on the most painful site of the musculotendinous junction of the hamstrings in the lower one-third of the muscle. TENS is applied once in a day for three consecutive days. Frequency, pulse width and duration are set at 110 Hz, 200 µs, and 20 min, respectively. Intensity is increased up to a sensory level, that is, the participant should feel a paresthesia with no muscle contraction Cryotherapy( cryotherapy group): The participant is in the prone position. A wet towel is put on the hamstrings muscle. Ice bag containing mixed pieces of ice and water is put on the towel and covered by another towel. The intervention lasts for 20 min. The cryotherapy protocol consists of three repetitions daily (8-hour intervals) for three consecutive days. The size of the ice bag is chosen according to the contour of the hamstrings. Any adverse effect of icing is monitored by the researchers in the first session. No intervention after inducing DOMS (control group): No intervention was prescribed for the control group after inducing DOMS. Active knee extension range of motion. Timepoint: Before, 24, 48 and 72 hours after inducing delayed-onset muscle soreness. Method of measurement: Digital goniometer. Triple hop distance. Timepoint: before, 24, 48 and 72 hours after inducing delayed-onset muscle soreness. Method of measurement: Triple hop distance test. Thigh girth. Timepoint: before, 24, 48 and 72 hours after inducing delayed-onset muscle soreness. Method of measurement: Flexible meter(upper-middle-lower regions of the thigh). Pain intensity. Timepoint: before, 24, 48 and 72 hours after inducing delayed-onset muscle soreness. Method of measurement: Visual analogue scale. N/A. Timepoint: N/A. Method of measurement: N/A. Vice chancellor for research of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Approved 2016-09-03 Ethics commette of Rehabilitation and Nursing And Midwify School of Tehran University of Medical Sci Tehran Province, Tehran, District 6, Nosrat St Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)