<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20250921067315N1</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2025-10-15</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>University of Isfahan</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>The impact of abdominal drawing-in, on pain, breathing, and muscle activity in subjects with chronic low back pain.</public_title>
      <acronym>ADIM</acronym>
      <scientific_title>Effect of lumbar stabilization with and without abdominal drawing-in maneuver on functional disability, respiratory parameters and posterior oblique sling EMG of subjects with non-specific chronic low back pain.</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2025-10-12</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>31</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/86344</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Not randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Low Back Pain.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group: lumbar stabilization training. Intervention 2: Intervention group: lumbar stabilization with abdominal drawing-in maneuver.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Yes - There is a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>What will be shared:
Some data, such as information related to spirometry and functional disability, can be shared.

When:
Access period begins after results are printed.

To whom:
For everyone

Conditions:
There is no limit.

Where to obtain:
sharifi.behnam@gmail.com

How to obtain:
1week

Comments:
</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Dr Gholamali Ghasemi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Hezarjerib Blvd</address>
        <city>Isfahan</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>8174673441</zip>
        <telephone>+98 31 3793 2128</telephone>
        <email>gh.ghasemi@spr.ui.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>University of Isfahan</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Behnam Sharifi Ardani</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>No. 90, Esalat Ave, Fazilat Blvd, Yazd Town</address>
        <city>Yazd</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>8915116790</zip>
        <telephone>+98 35 3725 6811</telephone>
        <email>sharifi.behnam70@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>University of Isfahan</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Individuals aged 30 to 45 years
No severe or noticeable musculoskeletal deformities in the spine
No history of spinal surgery
Voluntary consent to participate in the study
Diagnosis of non-specific chronic low back pain for at least 3 months
Ability to perform the exercises (with medical approval from a specialist to participate in the training protocol)
Pain level ranging from 25 to 50 on the Quebec scale</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>20 years</agemin>
      <agemax>45 years</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Irregular participation in training sessions (absence from three consecutive sessions or five non-consecutive sessions)
Withdrawal of the volunteer from further participation in the study
Failure to complete the study assessments
Occurrence of any unforeseen problem preventing the participant from continuing in the study</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code></hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword></hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: lumbar stabilization training</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: lumbar stabilization with abdominal drawing-in maneuver</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability. Timepoint: Before and after the training protocol. Method of measurement: Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Forced Vital Capacity. Timepoint: Before and after the training protocol. Method of measurement: spirometry.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Forced expiratory volume in one second. Timepoint: Before and after the training protocol. Method of measurement: spirometry.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>EMG. Timepoint: قبل و بعد از پروتکل تمرینی. Method of measurement: Electromyography.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome></sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Univerdity of Isfahan</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2025-09-22</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Ethics committee of University of Isfahan</contact_name>
        <contact_address>No. 90, Fazilat Ave., Esalat Blvd., Yazd Town, Yazd Fars Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
