<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20241008063290N3</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2026-08-01</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Iran National Science Foundation</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>The effect of an exercise training period on cardiometabolic and renal markers in overweight/obese adults</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>The effect of 6-week high intensity interval training using an exercise snack training on cardiometabolic and renal indicators in overweight/obese adults</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2026-08-06</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>60</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Recruiting</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/90831</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Single blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Supportive, Randomization description: Simple randomization will be used for participant allocation. To ensure concealment, a series of opaque, sealed envelopes will be prepared. For this purpose, envelopes labeled with the name of either the exercise intervention group or the control group will be created, corresponding to the total number of subjects. After thoroughly mixing (shuffling) the envelopes, each participant will select one, and their group assignment will be recorded accordingly, Blinding description: Clinical laboratory technicians, unaware of the group allocation, will assess the blood parameters.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Adults who are overweight or obese.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Control group: Control group participants are to remain inactive throughout the study and are advised to follow their usual daily routines. Intervention 2: Intervention group 1: Two-Bout High-Intensity Interval Training: The training protocol includes 2 bouts of exercise, each containing 4 sets of 2-minute body-weight HIIT exercises at 85% of maximal heart rate (HRmax). Each set is interspersed with 1 minute and 30 seconds of active recovery (at 65% HRmax) between successive sets. Intervention 3: Intervention group 2: Six-Bout High-Intensity Interval Training: The training protocol includes 6 exercise bouts, each containing 2 sets of 80-second body-weight HIIT exercises at 85% of maximal heart rate (HRmax). Each set is interspersed with 1 minute of active recovery (at 65% HRmax) between successive sets.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>No - There is not a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for not sharing IPD is There is no further information</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Hamid Rajabi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Faculty of Sports Sciences of Kharazmi University, Shahid Keshvari Stadium, Shahid Hesari Street, Mader Square, Tehran</address>
        <city>Tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>1954812345</zip>
        <telephone>0098 21 88329220-3</telephone>
        <email>hrajabi@khu.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Kharazmi University</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Hamid Rajabi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Faculty of Sports Sciences of Kharazmi University, Shahid Keshvari Stadium, Shahid Hesari Street, Mader Square, Tehran</address>
        <city>Tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>1954812345</zip>
        <telephone>0098 21 88329220-3</telephone>
        <email>hrajabi@khu.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Kharazmi University</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Sedentary and physically inactive adults
Overweight or obese individuals
Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m²
Both men and women
Aged 35–55 years
In generally good health
Free from any serious illness or unstable medical condition requiring physician supervision over diet or physical activity
No physical limitations or restrictions affecting exercise participation</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>35 years</agemin>
      <agemax>55 years</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Having acute cardiovascular disease
Following specific dietary regimes
With weight instability (+_5 kg) in the past 3 months
Having any serious medical condition that precludes long-term participation in physical activity
Pregnancy
Currently adhering to a structured weight-loss program
Using weight-loss medications
Failure to obtain physician approval for study participation</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>E66</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Overweight and obesity</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Other</i_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Control group: Control group participants are to remain inactive throughout the study and are advised to follow their usual daily routines.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group 1: Two-Bout High-Intensity Interval Training: The training protocol includes 2 bouts of exercise, each containing 4 sets of 2-minute body-weight HIIT exercises at 85% of maximal heart rate (HRmax). Each set is interspersed with 1 minute and 30 seconds of active recovery (at 65% HRmax) between successive sets.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group 2: Six-Bout High-Intensity Interval Training: The training protocol includes 6 exercise bouts, each containing 2 sets of 80-second body-weight HIIT exercises at 85% of maximal heart rate (HRmax). Each set is interspersed with 1 minute of active recovery (at 65% HRmax) between successive sets.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Cardiometabolic index. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By means of the formula.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Visceral adiposity index. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By means of the formula.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Lipid accumulation product. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By means of the formula.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Triglyceride. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>High-density lipoprotein. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Low-density lipoprotein. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Total cholesterol. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>The ratio of high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By means of the formula.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Thyroxine. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Bilirubin. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Urea. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Uric acid. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Creatinine. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: By ELISA or enzymatic laboratory method.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Systolic blood pressure. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Using a German Beurer device.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Diastolic blood pressure. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Using a German Beurer device.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Resting heart rate. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Using a German Beurer device.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Mean arterial pressure. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Using the formula.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Body Mass Index. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Using the formula.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Waist-to-hip circumference ratio. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Using the formula.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Waist-to-height ratio. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Using the formula.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Body weight. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before and after the intervention. Method of measurement: Scale.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Height. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before the intervention. Method of measurement: Wall-mounted height measure.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Wall squat test. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before the intervention. Method of measurement: By recording the duration.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>30-Second Chair Stand Test. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before the intervention. Method of measurement: By counting the repetitions.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Quality of Life. Timepoint: 24–48 hours before the intervention. Method of measurement: Questionnaire.</sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Iran National Science Foundation</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2026-05-26</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Research Ethics Committees of Kharazmi University</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Kharazmi University, Shahid Keshvari Stadium, Shahid Hesari Street, Madar Square Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
