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IRCT20260624069940N6 IRCT 2026-08-20 Tarbiat Modares University Comparison of Three Training Methods on Injury Prevention and Quality of Life in Professional Volleyball Players Comparison of the Effects of Neuromuscular, Traditional, and Combined Training Programs on the Incidence and Severity of Upper and Lower Limb Injuries, Pain, Functional Disability, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Male Professional Volleyball Players 2026-09-01 anticipated 36 Recruiting https://irct.ir/trial/92535 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Single blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Prevention, Other design features: Randomized controlled trial, single-blind (outcome assessors), with three parallel groups and pre-test/post-test design, Randomization description: After initial screening and confirmation of eligibility, eligible participants will be randomly assigned to three intervention groups (Neuromuscular, Traditional, and Combined) using randomization software. The randomization method is simple randomization with individual as the unit of randomization. No stratification is used. The random sequence is generated by software. Allocation concealment is ensured using sealed envelopes, Blinding description: In this study, due to the nature of the exercise intervention, complete blinding is not possible. However, outcome assessors who are responsible for administering the questionnaires and assessments related to injury, pain, functional disability, and quality of life will be blinded to participants' group allocation. Participants, the principal investigator, and trainers are aware of the intervention type. Outcome assessors are blinded through participant coding and lack of access to group allocation information. N/A Sports injuries. Intervention 1: Intervention group 1 (Neuromuscular): Neuromuscular training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, each session lasting 45 to 60 minutes. Each session includes 10 minutes of warm-up with light running and dynamic stretching, 30 to 40 minutes of specialized exercises including progressive balance exercises using balance boards and balance balls, landing technique exercises with emphasis on soft and controlled landing, core stability exercises for strengthening deep abdominal, back, and pelvic muscles, and 5 to 10 minutes of cool-down with static stretching. Exercise intensity and difficulty will gradually increase over the 8 weeks. Intervention 2: Intervention group 2 (Traditional): Traditional strength and power training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, each session lasting 45 to 60 minutes. Each session includes 10 minutes of warm-up with light running and dynamic stretching, 30 to 40 minutes of resistance exercises using weights and weight machines for strengthening major muscles of the lower and upper limbs, speed and explosive exercises for improving muscular power and enhancing jump and hit performance, and moderate to high-intensity aerobic exercises for maintaining general endurance, and 5 to 10 minutes of cool-down with static stretching. Exercise intensity will gradually increase over the 8 weeks. Intervention 3: Intervention group 3 (Combined): Combined training (50% neuromuscular and 50% traditional) for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, each session lasting 45 to 60 minutes. Each session includes 10 minutes of warm-up with light running and dynamic stretching, 30 to 40 minutes of combined training including 20 to 30 minutes of neuromuscular exercises (balance, landing technique, and core stability) and 20 to 30 minutes of traditional exercises (strength, speed, and aerobic) with gradual progressive overload, and 5 to 10 minutes of cool-down with static stretching. Special emphasis is placed on applying correct technique in jumping and landing movements. Yes - There is a plan to make this available What will be shared: De-identified individual participant data, study protocol, statistical analysis plan, informed consent form, clinical study report, and data dictionary: All collected data related to outcome variables (incidence and severity of upper and lower limb injuries, pain and functional disability, and health-related quality of life) will be shared completely without identifying information. Documentation regarding methodology, forms used, and analysis plan will also be provided. When: Six months after publication of study results To whom: Researchers affiliated with reputable academic and scientific institutions who have an approved research proposal by their institutional ethics committee. Conditions: Data may be used solely for research purposes and secondary analyses related to injury prevention and exercise physiology. Commercial use of the data is not permitted. All users must adhere to ethical requirements and maintain data confidentiality, and must report any findings from their analyses to the primary authors. Requests must include a detailed description of the project and its objectives. Where to obtain: To request data, please contact the corresponding author, Mr.Kheirollah Abdulrazaq Naji, via email at k.abdulrazaq@modares.ac.ir. Requests may also be submitted through the Department of Exercise Sciences at Tarbiat Modares University. How to obtain: Upon submission of a request via email, the corresponding author will review the application. After approval by the university ethics committee, the request will be forwarded to the research team. If finally approved, de-identified data will be provided within two to four weeks via email or a secure data-sharing platform. Comments: Data will be provided solely for non-commercial purposes, with full adherence to ethical principles and confidentiality of participant information.
public Kheirollah Abdulrazaq Naji
Tarbiat Modares University, Shahid Chamran Blvd., Tehran, Iran
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) ۱۴۱۱۵۱۱۱۱ +98 21 8288 5063 k.abdulrazaq@modares.ac.ir Tarbiat Modares University scientific Dr. Shahnaz Shahrbanian
Tarbiat Modares University, Shahid Chamran Blvd., Tehran, Iran
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) ۱۴۱۱۵۱۱۱۱ +98 21 8288 5063 sh.shahrbanian@modares.ac.ir Tarbiat Modares University Iran (Islamic Republic of) Male professional volleyball players aged 18 to 35 years At least 3 years of experience in professional league No musculoskeletal injuries in the past 6 months No use of performance-affecting medications No chronic diseases Ability to understand and cooperate in performing tests and exercises Signed written informed consent to participate in the study 18 years 35 years Male History of severe knee, ankle, shoulder, or back injury in the past 6 months History of lower limb, upper limb, or spinal surgery in the past year Uncontrolled cardiovascular diseases Uncontrolled diabetes Regular use of anti-inflammatory or steroidal medications Inability to maintain standing balance for at least 30 seconds without assistance Y93.6 Behavior Behavior Behavior Intervention group 1 (Neuromuscular): Neuromuscular training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, each session lasting 45 to 60 minutes. Each session includes 10 minutes of warm-up with light running and dynamic stretching, 30 to 40 minutes of specialized exercises including progressive balance exercises using balance boards and balance balls, landing technique exercises with emphasis on soft and controlled landing, core stability exercises for strengthening deep abdominal, back, and pelvic muscles, and 5 to 10 minutes of cool-down with static stretching. Exercise intensity and difficulty will gradually increase over the 8 weeks. Intervention group 2 (Traditional): Traditional strength and power training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, each session lasting 45 to 60 minutes. Each session includes 10 minutes of warm-up with light running and dynamic stretching, 30 to 40 minutes of resistance exercises using weights and weight machines for strengthening major muscles of the lower and upper limbs, speed and explosive exercises for improving muscular power and enhancing jump and hit performance, and moderate to high-intensity aerobic exercises for maintaining general endurance, and 5 to 10 minutes of cool-down with static stretching. Exercise intensity will gradually increase over the 8 weeks. Intervention group 3 (Combined): Combined training (50% neuromuscular and 50% traditional) for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, each session lasting 45 to 60 minutes. Each session includes 10 minutes of warm-up with light running and dynamic stretching, 30 to 40 minutes of combined training including 20 to 30 minutes of neuromuscular exercises (balance, landing technique, and core stability) and 20 to 30 minutes of traditional exercises (strength, speed, and aerobic) with gradual progressive overload, and 5 to 10 minutes of cool-down with static stretching. Special emphasis is placed on applying correct technique in jumping and landing movements. Incidence of Upper and Lower Limb Injuries. Timepoint: Before the intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Method of measurement: Volleyball Injury Registration Form (including injury type, anatomical site, mechanism, and date of occurrence). Severity of Upper and Lower Limb Injuries. Timepoint: Before the intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Method of measurement: Volleyball Injury Registration Form (including time loss from training and competition, need for medical intervention, and pain severity using Numerical Pain Rating Scale). Shoulder and Arm Pain and Functional Disability. Timepoint: Before the intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Method of measurement: Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (13 items in two sections: pain and disability; scored 0-100, higher score indicates more severe pain and disability). Foot and Ankle Pain and Functional Disability. Timepoint: Before the intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Method of measurement: Foot and Ankle Disability Index (26 items regarding performance of various activities; scored 0-100, lower score indicates greater disability). Health-Related Quality of Life. Timepoint: Before the intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Method of measurement: 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (36 items in eight domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional health, and mental health; scored 0-100, higher score indicates better health status). Tarbiat Modares University Approved 2026-07-18 Research Ethics Committee of Tarbiat Modares University Tarbiat Modares University, Shahid Chamran Blvd., Tehran, Iran Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)