<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20260818070708N1</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2026-08-25</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Lady reading hospital</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>avoidance of low blood pressure in pregnant women going through cessarean</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>A randomized controlled investigation of crystalloid preloading and co-loading for the avoidance of spinal block-related low blood pressure in parturients undergoing cesarean section</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2026-10-09</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>112</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Pending</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/92652</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Prevention, Randomization description: Eligible participants will be randomized individually in a 1:1 ratio to the crystalloid preloading or crystalloid co-loading group using computer-generated permuted block randomization with variable block sizes of 4 and 6. A random allocation sequence will be generated before commencement of participant recruitment. Sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes containing the group assignments will be prepared according to the randomization sequence. After confirmation of eligibility and obtaining informed consent, the next sequential envelope will be opened to determine the participant's allocation. Allocation concealment will be maintained until the time of assignment. No stratification will be used.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>TO AVOID LOW BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENT AFTER CESAREAN SECTION.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group: Crystalloid coloading. Participants will receive an intravenous crystalloid solution at a dose of 10 mL/kg, administered intravenously immediately after initiation of spinal anesthesia. The crystalloid solution will be infused over approximately 20 minutes. The infusion will be initiated immediately after spinal anesthesia and continued for 20 minutes, according to the predefined study protocol. No additional study-specific fluid intervention will be administered. The type, concentration, brand, and manufacturer of the crystalloid solution used will be documented at the time of administration. Intervention 2: Control group: Crystalloid preloading. Participants will receive an intravenous crystalloid solution at a dose of 10 mL/kg, administered intravenously 20 minutes before initiation of spinal anesthesia. The crystalloid solution will be infused over approximately 20 minutes using an intravenous infusion, according to the predefined study protocol. No additional study-specific fluid intervention will be administered. The type, concentration, brand, and manufacturer of the crystalloid solution used will be documented at the time of administration.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Yes - There is a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>What will be shared:
IPD collected for the primary outcome measure only

When:
starting 6 months after publication

To whom:
only available for people working in academic institutions

Conditions:
Data and documents may be used for legitimate scientific and academic research purposes, subject to applicable ethical requirements, institutional policies, and protection of participant confidentiality

Where to obtain:
The requested documents will be obtainable from the principal investigator upon reasonable request.

How to obtain:
Requests may be submitted by email to the contact person listed in the IRCT registration and will be considered subject to applicable ethical, institutional, and confidentiality requirements

Comments:
</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Faiza Shabbir</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>lady reading hospital, near balahisar fort, peshawar, pakistan</address>
        <city>peshawar</city>
        <country1>Pakistan</country1>
        <zip>25000</zip>
        <telephone>+92 345 9192727</telephone>
        <email>khurramyounas17@yahoo.com</email>
        <affiliation>lady reading hospital</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Faiza Shabbir</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Seithi bangla, seithi town, haji camp, peshawar</address>
        <city>Peshawar</city>
        <country1>Pakistan</country1>
        <zip>25000</zip>
        <telephone>+92 345 9192727</telephone>
        <email>khurramyounas17@yahoo.com</email>
        <affiliation>Lady reading hospital</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Pakistan</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Term pregnancy (≥37 completed weeks of gestation)
Scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia
Baseline hemodynamically stable before spinal anesthesia.
Able to provide written informed consent to participate in the study</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>18 years</agemin>
      <agemax>40 years</agemax>
      <gender>Female</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Patient refusal or inability to provide informed consent
Contraindication to spinal anesthesia or planned general anesthesia.
Emergency cesarean section requiring immediate general anesthesia</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>O74.6</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Other complications of spinal and epidural anesthesia during labor and delivery</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Treatment - Other</i_code>
      <i_code>Treatment - Other</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: Crystalloid coloading. Participants will receive an intravenous crystalloid solution at a dose of 10 mL/kg, administered intravenously immediately after initiation of spinal anesthesia. The crystalloid solution will be infused over approximately 20 minutes. The infusion will be initiated immediately after spinal anesthesia and continued for 20 minutes, according to the predefined study protocol. No additional study-specific fluid intervention will be administered. The type, concentration, brand, and manufacturer of the crystalloid solution used will be documented at the time of administration.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Control group: Crystalloid preloading. Participants will receive an intravenous crystalloid solution at a dose of 10 mL/kg, administered intravenously 20 minutes before initiation of spinal anesthesia. The crystalloid solution will be infused over approximately 20 minutes using an intravenous infusion, according to the predefined study protocol. No additional study-specific fluid intervention will be administered. The type, concentration, brand, and manufacturer of the crystalloid solution used will be documented at the time of administration.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Stable normal blood pressure. Timepoint: Intraoperative period (from spinal anesthesia until 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia). Method of measurement: sphygmomonomete.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome></sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Lady reading hospital</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2025-05-19</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Lady reading hospital Institutional review board</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Lady reading hospital, near balahisar fort, Peshawar, Pakistan Peshawar Kpk Pakistan</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
