Objectives:To examine the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on beta-endorphin, adrenalin and TWS during temporary smoking abstinence among sedentary smokers, to measure the correlation effects of beta-endorphin and adrenalin on TWS following moderate aerobic exercise during temporary smoking abstinence among sedentary smokers and to compare the effectiveness of moderate aerobic exercise on beta endorphin, adrenaline and TWS during temporary smoking abstinence.
Design:This study will be a quasi-experimental study with mixed design repeated measured analysis of variance (ANOVA) .
Setting and conduct:The study setting and conduct will be done among staffs at Universiti Teknologi MARA Sg Buloh and Kolej Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu Sg. Buloh. Those institution is 1km for each other.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria: The study consist of screening phase and intervention phase. The purpose of screening phase is to screen for inclusion and exclusion criteria. The major inclusion criteria is ( sedentary smoker, smoked 10-20 cigarette per day, at the pre-contemplation stage, aged between 20-45 and healthy. while the major exclusion criteria is smoked less than 10 or more than 20 cigarette per day, have mood and mental disorder and high risk of cardiovascular disease.
The participant who are interested to participated in this study will be screened for sedentary status used PAR-Q, Risk Screening, PAR-Q, mental health, drug used, blood pressure, Body mass index (BMI) and fating blood glucose and cholesterol
Intervention :Study will be divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group will be intervene with 30 minutes moderate aerobic exercise for 3 times per week up to 2 months via running on treadmill, while the control group encourage to maintain their sedentary lifestyle and smoking habit for two month. Comparison will be made between these groups at before exercise intervention, after exercise intervention and after 2 weeks of post exercise intervention.
Main outcome measure: The primary outcome is to examine the effects of exercise training on TWS. The measures for this study are TWS, sleep quality, smoking urge, mood, theory of planned behavior, beta endorphin, adrenalin, blood pressure and temperature.