Aim: Evaluation the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and newborn vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes compared
Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial without placebo,
Study population: Pregnant women aged at 18-40 years and their newborns.
Inclusion criteria: Pregnant women aged at 18-40 years and their newborns, Singleton pregnancy. Exclusion criteria: Multiple pregnancy, Diagnosis any kind of diseases including renal, hepatic, and other disorders which could influence vitamin D metabolism during the study, Chronic hypertension, Receiving vitamin D or calcium supplements within the last three months, On any medication which could potentially influence vitamin D metabolism (notably estrogens, and calcitonin) within the last three months, Newborns with congenital anomalies.
Sample size: 126
Intervention: Control group: Current supplements during pregnancy (Iron, Folic acid, Multivitamin), Intervention group 1: Current supplements during pregnancy (Iron, Folic acid, Multivitamin) + vitamin D (1000 IU/d), Intervention group 2: Current supplements during pregnancy (Iron, Folic acid, Multivitamin) + vitamin D (2000 IU/d).
Duration of intervention: First trimester until delivery
Primary outcome: Vitamin D concentration of maternal serum and cord blood
Secondary outcome: Preeclampsia, Gestational diabetes, Preterm delivery, Abortion, Growth indices of newborns.