Effect of 12 weeks of stretch and strength exercise on shoulder function, sport performance and level of daily living activities in basketball wheelchair players with shoulder pain

Effect of 12 weeks of strength and stretching exercises on shoulder function, athletic performance and daily activities of wheelchair basketball players with shoulder pain

This is a 12 week, prospective, parallel group, randomized controlled trial with 1: 1 allocation ratio in control and exercise groups..

The present study will be carried out at the University of Guilan. Because of nature of the study, the participants are not blind to the division into groups, but statisticians and evaluators split participants into groups.

Inclusion Criteria: Use manual wheelchair as a means of displacement (at least 50% of time), unilateral or bilateral shoulder pain that affected at least one function (eg, physical activity, and wheelchair use), Confirmation of one of the Neer and Hawkins-Kennedy tests, or pain with arm elevation. Exclusion criteria; Hospitalization due to acute injury, fracture, or shoulder surgery during the past year, injection of cortisone into shoulder over the past 4 months and participation in physiotherapy or shoulder exercise during the past year.

The exercise intervention was based on interventions for shoulder pain in previous studies that included stretching (4 exercises) and strengthening (4 exercises) exercise. Strengthening exercise targeted serratus anterior muscle, scapular retractor and depurator muscles, and glenohumeral external rotator muscles and the stretching exercise aimed to increase flexibility of upper trapezius muscle, pectoralis major and minor muscles, and posterior glenohumeral capsule and underlying soft tissues.

Shoulder pain intensity, activities of daily living and sport skill and performance were assessed using the wheelchair user's shoulder pain index (WUSPI), Barthel Index and wheelchairs basketball field tests, respectively.

Blocks randomization with blocks 2 and 4 is used to allocate the participants in the research groups. Participants allocation is carried out by one of the research team members who are not associated with the 1: 1 allocation ratio within the exercise and control groups. Allocation sequences are hidden by the envelopes encoded in the order numbered, and the letter envelopes are opened only after all the initial and initial evaluations of the participants have been made. A computerized list of random numbers for random allocation of subjects in blocks 2 and 4 is created by statistical consultant using SPSS software. Because of the nature of the study, evaluators and participants are not blinded from the groups allocation, but statistician is blinded.

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