The efficacy of of purposeful strengthening exercises based on biomechanical defects on ultrasonographic parameters and kinematic variables in people with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

The efficacy of of purposeful strengthening exercises based on biomechanical defects on ultrasonographic parameters and Kinematic variables in people with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Clinical trial with an intervention group and a control group, with parallel groups, double blinded, randomly constructed, on 20 people in each group

In this study, eligible people will be included among the patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and will be randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Treatment interventions for each group will be carried out in eight weeks. Outcome assessment and data analysis will be performed by another colleague who is blinded to group assignment. Also, the patients will be blinded to the treatments of each group. Data collection tools will include visual analog scale, ultrasonography and motion analysis device.

Inclusion criteria: patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome with lateral gliding patella, pain at least 3 on the visual analog scale, knee pain when running, jumping, sitting and standing up. Exclusion criteria: History of patella dislocation and knee surgery.

Intervention group: specific strengthening exercises of the vastus medialis oblique muscle with routine physiotherapy treatments (stretching exercises, gluteal and quadriceps isometric exercises, electrotherapy including conventional tens). Control group: only routine physiotherapy treatments (stretching exercises, gluteal and quadriceps isometric exercises, electrotherapy including conventional tens). In both groups, the interventions will be conducted for eight weeks and three sessions per week.

Pain intensity; distance between patellar tip and trochlear groove; femoral sulcus angle; patella offset position; patella condylar distance; knee kinematic; hip kinematic.

Randomized method: balanced randomized blocks. Random concealment: sealed envelope. Randomization method: code of the intervention group: A code of the control group: B. Due to having two groups, the determined blocks are of four, so that the total number of possible permutations of four is 6, including: ABAB, ABBA, BAAB, BABA, AABB, BBAA. To create a random sequence, we will number the possible blocks (6 blocks) from 1 to 6, we will select the block numbers from the random number table, and based on these numbers, we will determine the sequence of blocks in each group. According to the sample size of 40, 10 of these blocks are randomly placed together, each of these codes representing the treatment group of each patient is placed in a sealed envelope, then patients will be assigned to one of the envelopes in order of number. In this study, the unit of randomization is the individual.

The main researcher is blinded to the selection and randomization of participants, and assigning groups will be done by another colleague. Treatment for the intervention group will be done on even days of the week and treatment for the control group will be done on odd days of the week, so the participants will be blinded to their treatment and group assignment. Data collection and analysis after the completion of the interventions will be done by another colleague who is blind to group assignment.

All above will be published in the article.

After the article publication

Researchers and students in academic centers

Other researchers and therapists in the rehabilitation and medical field can use this use the data of this study after the article publication.

After the article publication, people can find the article by searching in internet and access the data.

After the article publication, people can find the article by searching in internet and access the data.