Inclusion criteria:
Men and women aged 18 to 50 years who have the ability to follow the doctor's recommendations
who are willing to participate in the study and do not use painkillers during it
who have a Aphthous ulcer (no more than 48 hours have passed since the lesion formed;) with a size smaller than 10 mm
patients who have Aphthous ulcer in the lips and buccal mucosa (due to greater availability and fewer movements, which allow the mucusal adhesive to remain on the lesion)
Exclusion criteria:
Due to the possibility of drug interactions, people taking lithium, warfarin, oral hypoglycemic drugs, high-dose methotrexate, antihypertensive drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics were excluded from the study
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Ulcers as a manifestation of a systemic disease such as Behçet's disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or acquired immunodeficiency
Use of narcotics, immunomodulating agents, and systemic antibiotics within 2 weeks prior to study entry
Treatment with any topical or oral medication within 1 month prior to study entry
Invasive dental procedure within 2 weeks prior to study entry
A patient who uses toothpaste containing anti-inflammatory drugs
People with conditions such as active gastrointestinal or cerebrovascular bleeding, uncontrolled heart failure, lupus, kidney failure, and liver failure or disease