The effect of adding breathing exercises to core stability exercises on pain, function, balance and fear of movement in pre-elderly women with non-specific chronic back pain

The effect of adding breathing exercises to core stability exercises on pain, function, balance and fear of movement in pre-elderly women with non-specific chronic back pain

A controlled, parallel-group, single-blind, randomized clinical trial on 30 patients.

The study will be conducted in the exercise therapy department of Dr. Shakeri's Pain Clinic in Zahedan. The study population will be selected from among those who refer to this clinic with chronic non-specific low back pain and, after conducting the tests, will be divided into intervention and control groups according to the entry and exit criteria. The study will be single-blinded, so that the samples will not be aware of the details of the tests and exercise groups.

Inclusion criteria included: reporting pain in the lower back, lumbosacral region, and buttocks that worsened after physical activity; age range 48 to 58 years; back pain for more than 3 months; full awareness of the aspects related to the study and possible benefits and harms; and signing an informed consent form. Exclusion criteria included: participating in regular physical activity in the past 6 months; receiving treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain in the past month; presence of lumbar disc herniation or fracture leading to back pain; osteoporosis or cancer or cardiorespiratory diseases and diabetes; any surgery in the abdomen or chest, back pain following trauma, smoking, any respiratory problems, having associated structural changes in the tissues of the back. Pregnant women

Intervention group: breathing exercises and core stability exercises, control group: core stability exercises

Pain, function, balance, fear of movement, Endurance

Through a lottery and in the presence of the individuals themselves, each person will be given a number from 1 to 30. The numbers are written on paper and the papers are folded and placed in a container (container number 1). Then in another container, the names of the groups (each group has 15 sheets) are folded and placed in the container (container number 2). Then a lottery will be held in the presence of the participants. One person will draw the lottery number and group and one person will record and write the lottery numbers (one sheet will be taken from container number 1, one sheet from container number 2. For example, number 10 is the control group, number 13 is the training group, etc.) All individuals will be grouped in the same way.

In this study, outcome assessors (laboratory technicians) are asked to take the desired tests from the patients. These individuals will be unaware of the purpose of the study, the assignment to study groups, and the reason for their presence in the laboratory, and will only assess the variables and record their observations.