The effect of eight weeks of visual perturbation training on lower extremity biomechanics during unanticipated cutting movements and performance of athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a controlled clinical trial (RCT)

Determining the effect of visual perturbation training on kinematics and kinetics associated with anterior cruciate ligament reinjury during an unanticipated cutting maneuver in athletes

A controlled clinical trial with an intervention group, single-blind, randomized by computer random numbers on 24 athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Eligible athletes were randomly assigned to control or intervention groups using a random number generator. All participants completed a pre-test at the Sport Sciences Research Institute, with data collectors blinded to group allocation. The control group performed only neuromuscular exercises, while the intervention group did the same training combined with visual disturbance using glasses. After eight weeks of training, participants repeated the post-test, and changes in biomechanical variables were analyzed between groups.

Inclusion criteria: Having had a unilateral ACL reconstruction, being within 9-18 months of the reconstruction, having no pain, swelling, and having full and painless range of motion in the knee, ankle, neck, and lumbar joints. Achieving at least 80% of the quadriceps strength of the opposite limb, and performing all hop tests without pain and with an index of at least 80% of the opposite limb. Issuing permission to return to sports by the club's medical team for the athlete. Exclusion criteria: pain during exercise, missing more than 3 training sessions, inability to perform functional tasks (due to visual and/or hearing impairment, vestibular and neurological disorders), re-injury after surgery

Intervention group: Eight weeks of neuromuscular training with visual disturbance Control group: Eight weeks of neuromuscular training

Knee joint kinematic; Knee joint kinetic; Knee joint performance

Randomization will be performed using a computer-generated random block table http://randomizer.org/ (Social Psychology Network, Connecticut, USA) (1, for the control group - 2, for the visual disturbance group). Random numbers will be placed in sealed envelopes in a box. According to the group assignment, another researcher (blinded to the baseline assessment) will open the envelopes and continue the exercises.

Assessments will be conducted before and after the intervention by two blinded assessors.

After de-identifying the participants' data, the data table will be included in full in the published article of this work.

Access period starts 36 months after results are published.

Researcher

Research

E.heydarnia94@gmail.com

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