Investigation of the Effect and 8-Week Retention of Selected Exercises on Electromyographic Activity and Kinetic and Kinematic Factors of the Ground Swimming Movement in Adolescent Handball Players with Type 2 Scapular Dyskinesis
Investigation of the Effect of 8-Week Retention of Selected Exercises and NASM exercises on Electromyographic Activity and Kinetic and Kinematic Factors of the Ground Swimming Movement in Adolescent Handball Players with Type 2 Scapular Dyskinesis
Design
A controlled clinical trial with parallel groups, double-blind, rand function of Excel software was used for randomization. The initial sample size was 100 people.
Settings and conduct
Handball players in Tehran with type II scapular dyskinesis were selected through cluster sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: researcher-designed corrective exercises, NASM-based exercises, and a control group. Muscle performance, kinetic, and kinematic variables of land-based swimming were assessed at the Mofaghiyan Center before and after six weeks. Pre- and post-intervention data were statistically analyzed to compare the effects of the two exercise protocols.
Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Males aged 16–18
Scapular dyskinesis without pain (medial scapular winging)
Minimum 2 years sports experience with at least one season in provincial or national club competitions
No shoulder or shoulder girdle injuries
No neurological symptoms or significant postural abnormalities
No use of nervous system affecting medication
Exclusion Criteria:
Development of musculoskeletal pain or injury after exercises
Pain score above 4
Intervention groups
Group 1: Received selected designed exercises
Group 2: Received exercises from the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM)
Group 3: The group that does not receive any training
Main outcome variables
**Independent Variables:** Training type (Selected program, NASM, Control)
**Dependent Variables:** Scapular dyskinesis score, scapular movement, and muscle EMG during push-ups.
General information
Reason for update
Acronym
SD
IRCT registration information
IRCT registration number:IRCT20250719066551N1
Registration date:2026-02-16, 1404/11/27
Registration timing:retrospective
Last update:2026-02-16, 1404/11/27
Update count:0
Registration date
2026-02-16, 1404/11/27
Registrant information
Name
maryam mazidi
Name of organization / entity
The university of guilan
Country
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Phone
+98 938 178 7230
Email address
m.mazidi100@gmail.com
Recruitment status
Recruitment complete
Funding source
Expected recruitment start date
2025-11-06, 1404/08/15
Expected recruitment end date
2025-12-06, 1404/09/15
Actual recruitment start date
empty
Actual recruitment end date
empty
Trial completion date
empty
Scientific title
Investigation of the Effect and 8-Week Retention of Selected Exercises on Electromyographic Activity and Kinetic and Kinematic Factors of the Ground Swimming Movement in Adolescent Handball Players with Type 2 Scapular Dyskinesis
Public title
Study of selected exercises on kinetic and kinematic factors of adolescent handball players with scapular dyskinesia
Purpose
Prevention
Inclusion/Exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria:
Male participants
Shoulder disorder without pain
Aged 16–18 years
Minimum 2 years sports experience
At least one season in club competitions
Signed informed consent
Willingness to participate
Exclusion criteria:
History of sports training other than handball
Presence of shoulder muscle tears, adhesive capsulitis, impingement syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, or diabetes mellitus
History of shoulder injury or surgery in the past 6 m
Use of medications that affect the nervous system
Presence of significant postural abnormalities
Inclusion of individual's neurological symptoms
Age
From 16 years old to 18 years old
Gender
Male
Phase
2-3
Groups that have been masked
Participant
Outcome assessor
Sample size
Target sample size:
60
More than 1 sample in each individual
Number of samples in each individual:
20
There are 20 participants in each of the three groups
Randomization (investigator's opinion)
Randomized
Randomization description
The population included 100 individuals from six clubs. Four clusters were randomly selected, and samples were then randomly drawn from these clusters using statistical software.
Blinding (investigator's opinion)
Double blinded
Blinding description
The participants of the experiment were from 6 clubs in Tehran. Two clubs, selected training one and two clubs, selected training two, and two clubs, were used as controls. They were unaware of the other friends. The coaches who were supposed to carry out the training program were unaware of the type of training of the other group and how the athletes were divided.
Placebo
Not used
Assignment
Parallel
Other design features
Secondary Ids
empty
Ethics committees
1
Ethics committee
Name of ethics committee
Ethics committee of guilan University
Street address
5 km of ghazvin road, Persian Gulf Highway, Rasht
City
Rasht
Province
Guilan
Postal code
۴۱۹۹۶۱۳۷۷۶
Approval date
2025-03-10, 1403/12/20
Ethics committee reference number
IR.GUILAN.REC.1403.211
Health conditions studied
1
Description of health condition studied
Scapular dyskinesia
ICD-10 code
ICD-10 code description
Primary outcomes
1
Description
Scapular dyskinesia,
Timepoint
At the beginning of the study and 1.5 months after the end of the exercise intervention at the end of the study
Method of measurement
Motion Analysis
2
Description
kinetic and kinematic factors of push up
Timepoint
At the beginning of the study and 1.5 months after the end of the exercise intervention at the end of the study
Method of measurement
Motion Analysis, Force Plate
3
Description
Muscle activation
Timepoint
At the beginning of the study and 1.5 months after the end of the exercise intervention at the end of the study
Method of measurement
Electromyography
Secondary outcomes
empty
Intervention groups
1
Description
Three groups were tested. The first group was the control group, which was randomly selected. No training intervention was performed in this group, and kinetic and kinematic factors and muscle activity were performed in two stages.
Category
Prevention
2
Description
Intervention Group 1: 20 people were randomly assigned to this group. After examining kinetic and kinematic factors and muscle activity, they received selected exercises designed by the researcher for 8 weeks, and then the desired factors were measured again.
Category
Rehabilitation
3
Description
20 people were randomly assigned to this group. After examining kinetic and kinematic factors and muscle activity, they received NASM training for 8 weeks, and then the desired factors were measured again.
Category
Rehabilitation
Recruitment centers
1
Recruitment center
Name of recruitment center
Mofaqian Research Center
Full name of responsible person
Dr. Javad Mofaqian
Street address
No. 11, khark ave, enghelab ave
City
Tehran
Province
Tehran
Postal code
1458889694
Phone
+98 21 6616 5501
Email
info@mech.sharif.ir
Sponsors / Funding sources
1
Sponsor
Name of organization / entity
Gilan university
Full name of responsible person
Dr.Ali Bani
Street address
5th km of Qazvin Road,Persian Gulf Highway, rasht
City
Rasht
Province
Guilan
Postal code
۴۱۹۹۶۱۳۷۷۶
Phone
+98 13 3369 0348
Email
ali_bani_2000@yahoo.com
Grant name
Grant code / Reference number
Is the source of funding the same sponsor organization/entity?
Yes
Title of funding source
Gilan university
Proportion provided by this source
5
Public or private sector
Public
Domestic or foreign origin
Domestic
Category of foreign source of funding
empty
Country of origin
Type of organization providing the funding
Academic
Person responsible for general inquiries
Contact
Name of organization / entity
Guilan University
Full name of responsible person
Dr. Hasan Daneshmandi
Position
Professor of Guilan University
Latest degree
Ph.D.
Other areas of specialty/work
Corrective Exercise and Sport Injuries
Street address
5 km of Ghazvin road, Persion Gulf Highway, University of Guilan Department,Rasht
City
Rasht
Province
Guilan
Postal code
۴۱۹۹۶۱۳۷۷۶
Phone
+98 31 3369 0274
Email
daneshmandi_ph@yahoo.com
Person responsible for scientific inquiries
Contact
Name of organization / entity
The Hormozgan university
Full name of responsible person
Maryam Mazidi
Position
Lecturer of Hormozgan university
Latest degree
Master
Other areas of specialty/work
Corrective exercise and sport injuries
Street address
Hormozgan university, 5 km of Minab road
City
Bandarabass
Province
Hormozgan
Postal code
7916193145
Phone
+98 76 3371 1005
Email
m.mazidi100@gmail.com
Person responsible for updating data
Contact
Name of organization / entity
Hormozgan university
Full name of responsible person
Maryam Mazidi
Position
Lecturer of Hormozgan university
Latest degree
Master
Other areas of specialty/work
Corrective exercise and sport injuries
Street address
5 km of Minab road , Hormozgan university
City
Bandarabbass
Province
Hormozgan
Postal code
7916193145
Phone
+98 76 3371 1000
Email
m.mazidi100@gmail.com
Sharing plan
Deidentified Individual Participant Data Set (IPD)
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Study Protocol
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Statistical Analysis Plan
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Informed Consent Form
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Clinical Study Report
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Analytic Code
Not applicable
Data Dictionary
Not applicable
Title and more details about the data/document
Demographic information is available about the participants, and all measured data in the study, as well as primary and secondary variables, are accessible and published.
When the data will become available and for how long
A period of 6 months after the publication of the article
To whom data/document is available
Researchers working in academic and scientific institutions and people working in industry can apply.
Under which criteria data/document could be used
Designed exercises and data analysis can be used.
From where data/document is obtainable
m.mazidi100@gnail.com
What processes are involved for a request to access data/document
It can take up to 10 business days from the time of email request to the time of receipt of documents.