Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Foot Insole and Kinesio Taping on Postural Stability Using the Double-Leg to Single-Leg Stance Transition Test in Adults with Flexible Flatfoot

Aim: To compare the effects of Kinesio taping and arch-support foot orthosis on postural stability during the transition from double-leg to single-leg stance.

This is a randomized crossover. Thirty participants will be randomly assigned to one of six possible intervention sequences using a permuted block randomization method with a fixed block size of six.

This study will be conducted at the School of Rehabilitation Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Using a randomized crossover design, each participant will be assessed under three conditions: a control condition (no intervention), a tape condition, and an insole condition. Sequence of these three conditions will be randomized according to one of six possible orders. A minimum washout period of 24 hours will be considered between sessions. Because of obvious nature of interventions is not possible to blind participants or outcome assessors, however, the statistician will not aware of assigned groups.

Inclusion: Age between 18 and 35 years, ability to stand and walk, bilateral flatfoot, BMI less than 30, FPI-6 score ≥ 6, Navicular Drop ≥ 10 mm, literate (able to read and write), moderate activity level based on the IPAQ questionnaire. Exclusion: Foot deformities and vestibular disorders, use of medications or substances affecting the central nervous system, history of surgery within the last 6 months, high intensity physical activity within 12 hours before the test.

Each participant will be assessed under three conditions: control (no intervention), insole, and kinesio tape, in a randomized order across three separate sessions.

COP displacement and velocity

This study will employ a randomized, three-period, three-treatment crossover design. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to one of six possible intervention sequences (IBT, ITB, BIT, BTI, TIB, TBI) in a 1:1:1:1:1:1 allocation ratio using a permuted block randomization method with a fixed block size of six. Each block will contain all six sequences exactly once in a randomly determined order. Five complete blocks will be generated to achieve the target sample size of 30 participants. To ensure allocation concealment, group assignments will be placed in sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes by an independent administrator. Envelopes will be opened sequentially only after participant enrollment and completion of all baseline procedures, immediately before the first intervention session.

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Researchers and health practitioners

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Fatemeh Azadinia

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