To determine the effects of clubbell and plyometric exercises on shoulder pain, range of motion and performance in bowlers
Design
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Settings and conduct
1. Pakistan Sports Board
2. Aleem Dar Cricket Academy
3. Shoaib Akhtar Cricket Academy
Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
• Male Cricket Players
• Empty Can Test Positive
• Numeric Pain Scale Reading 4+
• Restricted Range of Motion
• Age from 17 – 30 years old
Exclusion Criteria:
• Female Cricket Players
• Physically Unfit and out of form players
• Recent Surgery (Upper limb)
• Cardiac Issues
• Any Sports related other injury (Specially injuries of upper limb)
Intervention groups
Group A will perform Clubbell Exercise Plan
Group B will be assigned Plyometric Exercise program
Main outcome variables
As this study focuses on three outcome measures which are pain, Range of Motion and Performance in Bowlers. Thus three different tools for each outcome will be used. Which are given as under;
1. For Pain: Numeric Pain Rating Scale
2. For ROM: Goniometer
3. For Performance:
• Seated Medicine Ball Throw Test
• Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremities Stability Test
• One Repitition Maximum (Bench Press)
General information
Reason for update
Acronym
ROM
IRCT registration information
IRCT registration number:IRCT20250505065604N1
Registration date:2025-05-17, 1404/02/27
Registration timing:registered_while_recruiting
Last update:2025-05-17, 1404/02/27
Update count:0
Registration date
2025-05-17, 1404/02/27
Registrant information
Name
Shahzaib Sajjad
Name of organization / entity
Riphah International University
Country
Pakistan
Phone
+92 300 9425452
Email address
drshahzaibsajjad@gmail.com
Recruitment status
Recruitment complete
Funding source
Expected recruitment start date
2024-09-01, 1403/06/11
Expected recruitment end date
2025-06-01, 1404/03/11
Actual recruitment start date
empty
Actual recruitment end date
empty
Trial completion date
empty
Scientific title
Comparative effects of clubbell and plyometric exercises on shoulder pain, range of motion and performance in bowlers.
Public title
Comparative effects of clubbell and plyometric exercises on shoulder pain, range of motion and performance in bowlers.
Purpose
Health service research
Inclusion/Exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria:
Male Cricket Player
Empty Can Test Positive
Numeric pain reading 4+
Restricted Range of Motion
Age from 17 to 30 years.
Exclusion criteria:
Physically unfit or out of form players
Recent Surgery (specially upper limb)
Cardiac Issues
Any sports related injuries (specially in upper limb)
Players who's bowling action is not according to ICC criteria
Age
From 17 years old to 30 years old
Gender
Male
Phase
N/A
Groups that have been masked
Care provider
Outcome assessor
Sample size
Target sample size:
58
Randomization (investigator's opinion)
Randomized
Randomization description
Randomization Methodology
Method of Randomization:
The study used cluster randomization. Clusters, rather than individuals, were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups. This approach was used to prevent contamination between participants in different interventions.
Unit of Randomization:
The unit of randomization was the cluster. Clusters were formed based on predetermined criteria such as location, team affiliation, or training schedule.
Stratification:
Stratified randomization was employed to ensure balance across key variables. Clusters were stratified by training schedule before random assignment. This helped control for potential differences in training intensity or frequency.
Tools Used for Randomization:
The randomization sequence was generated using computer software—specifically, a random number generator in Microsoft Excel (using the RAND() function) or a statistical program such as R or SPSS.
Random Sequence Generation:
A list of clusters within each stratum was compiled. A random number was assigned to each cluster using the selected software. The clusters were then sorted based on these numbers. The top 50% were allocated to the Clubbell Exercise Protocol, and the remaining 50% were assigned to the Plyometric Exercise Regimen. This process was done separately within each stratum to maintain balance.
Allocation Concealment:
Allocation concealment was implemented to reduce selection bias. The person generating the random sequence was independent of the recruitment and intervention teams. Group assignments were stored in sealed, opaque envelopes, labeled with the cluster ID, and opened only after baseline assessments were completed.
Blinding (investigator's opinion)
Double blinded
Blinding description
Blinding in this study involves making sure that the evaluations who measure outcome variables (pain, power, speed and agility) are uninformed of which participants are in which intervention cluster groups. This double-blind strategy helps to avoid measurement biasness.
Placebo
Not used
Assignment
Parallel
Other design features
Secondary Ids
empty
Ethics committees
1
Ethics committee
Name of ethics committee
Research & Ethics Committee - Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty o
Street address
26 - M Gulberg 3 lahore.
City
Lahore
Postal code
54600
Approval date
2024-07-30, 1403/05/09
Ethics committee reference number
REC/RCR&AHS/24/0443
Health conditions studied
1
Description of health condition studied
we are not studying any specific health condition, we are only studying about the effects of interventions on pain, range of motion and performance in bowlers
ICD-10 code
ICD-10 code description
Primary outcomes
1
Description
The primary outcome measure is 'PAIN', Which will be measured by (numeric pain rating scale)
Timepoint
AT BASELINE, AT THE END OF SECOND WEEK, AT THE END OF FOURTH WEEK, AT THE END OF SIXTH WEEK
Method of measurement
The NRS is a modified version of the VAS that consists of a segmented numerical scale with 11 points ranging from 0 to 10. Patients are asked to select a corresponding number to indicate the pain intensity they are experiencing. This scale can be administered verbally or graphically
Secondary outcomes
1
Description
The second outcome measure is Range of Motion, which will be measured by (Goniometer)
Timepoint
At baseline, at the end of second week, at the end of fourth week, at the end of sixth week
Method of measurement
A goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position. We can perfectly measure the exact Range of motion of the particular region (shoulder, arm, leg etc)
2
Description
The third outcome measure is performance which will be measured by various tests.
Timepoint
At baseline, at the end of second week, at the end of fourth week, at the end of sixth week
Method of measurement
For Performance: Seated Medicine Ball Throw Test Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremities Stability Test One Repitition Maximum (Bench Press)
Intervention groups
1
Description
Intervention Group 1 – Plyometric Exercises: Participants in Intervention Group 1 will undergo a structured plyometric training program specifically designed to target the shoulder complex. Plyometric exercises utilize the stretch-shortening cycle of muscles to enhance neuromuscular performance, power, and dynamic stability. The intervention will include activities such as medicine ball chest passes, overhead throws, plyometric push-ups, and rebound catches against a wall. These exercises aim to improve proprioception, joint stability, and muscle activation patterns around the shoulder joint, which are critical for repetitive overhead movements in bowling. The training will be progressive in nature, starting with low-impact drills and gradually incorporating more explosive movements as tolerated. Sessions will be conducted 3 times a week for a duration of 6–8 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30–40 minutes. The primary goal of this intervention is to reduce shoulder pain, enhance range of motion, and improve functional performance through increased muscular power and joint control.
Category
Other
2
Description
Intervention Group 2 – Clubbell Exercises: Participants in Intervention Group 2 will be engaged in a clubbell training regimen, focusing on mobility, strength, and coordination of the shoulder girdle. Clubbells are weighted tools with a displaced center of mass that create torque and require high levels of muscular control during swinging movements. This training will include exercises such as shoulder circles, mills, gamma casts, and shield casts, which emphasize rotational strength, shoulder stability, and endurance. The asymmetrical loading pattern of clubbells challenges the stabilizing muscles of the shoulder and scapula, promoting enhanced motor control and joint integrity essential for bowlers. The intervention will also follow a progressive overload model, beginning with lighter weights and simpler movements and advancing to complex multi-planar patterns over the course of the 6–8-week program, with sessions held 3 times per week. The clubbell exercises aim to alleviate shoulder discomfort, increase joint mobility, and improve the kinetic efficiency and control necessary for repetitive bowling actions.
new ittefaq cricket club, aAbul hasan isfahani road, model town ext, block N, GOR-4, model town, Lahore
City
Lahore
Postal code
54600
Phone
+92 312 4074063
Email
dr.m.usman.hammad.sports.rehab@gmail.com
Sponsors / Funding sources
1
Sponsor
Name of organization / entity
Riphah International University
Full name of responsible person
Dr. Danish Hassan
Street address
26 M block Gulberg 3, Lahore.
City
Lahore
Postal code
54600
Phone
+92 312 4074063
Email
usmanhammad507@gmail.com
Grant name
Grant code / Reference number
Is the source of funding the same sponsor organization/entity?
Yes
Title of funding source
Riphah International University
Proportion provided by this source
40
Public or private sector
Private
Domestic or foreign origin
Domestic
Category of foreign source of funding
empty
Country of origin
Type of organization providing the funding
Academic
Person responsible for general inquiries
Contact
Name of organization / entity
Riphah International University
Full name of responsible person
Shahzaib Sajjad
Position
Student
Latest degree
Bachelor
Other areas of specialty/work
Physiotherapy
Street address
26 M Gulberg 3 Lahore
City
Lahore
Province
Punjab
Postal code
54600
Phone
+92 300 9425452
Email
drshahzaibsajjad@gmail.com
Person responsible for scientific inquiries
Contact
Name of organization / entity
Riphah International University
Full name of responsible person
Shahzaib Sajjad
Position
Student
Latest degree
Bachelor
Other areas of specialty/work
Physiotherapy
Street address
26 M Gulberg 3, Lahore.
City
Lahore
Province
Punjab
Postal code
54600
Phone
+92 300 9425452
Email
drshahzaibsajjad@gmail.com
Person responsible for updating data
Contact
Name of organization / entity
Riphah International University
Full name of responsible person
Shahzaib Sajjad
Position
Student
Latest degree
Bachelor
Other areas of specialty/work
Physiotherapy
Street address
26 M Gulberg 3 Lahore.
City
Lahore
Province
Punjab
Postal code
54600
Phone
+92 300 9425452
Email
drshahzaibsajjad@gmail.com
Sharing plan
Deidentified Individual Participant Data Set (IPD)
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Study Protocol
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Statistical Analysis Plan
No - There is not a plan to make this available
Informed Consent Form
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Clinical Study Report
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Analytic Code
No - There is not a plan to make this available
Data Dictionary
No - There is not a plan to make this available
Title and more details about the data/document
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF CLUBBELL AND PLYOMETRIC EXERCISES ON SHOULDER PAIN, RANGE OF MOTION AND PERFORMANCE IN BOWLERS.
Deidentified Individual Participant Data Set (IPD)
Study Protocol
Informed Consent Form
Clinical Study Report
When the data will become available and for how long
After September 2025
To whom data/document is available
Researchers Student doctors Teachers Scientists
Under which criteria data/document could be used
For the purpose of Rehabilitation and best treatment to the relative athletes
From where data/document is obtainable
Online Publication as well as in hard copies as well
What processes are involved for a request to access data/document
if the relative person wants the data online then he have to search the article.