Study aim: To compare the effects of Carpal Bone mobilization with and without neurodynamic technique in chronic carpal tunnel syndrome patients Design: A randomized, single blinded, clinical trial with a parallel group design of 112 patients (divided into two groups), were selected from Physical therapy department of University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, and followed for six weeks. Settings and conduct: The data will be collected from the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. The study population will be consisted of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups Group A (Carpal Bones Mobilization with Neurodynamic technique) and Group B (Carpal Bones Mobilization without Neurodynamic technique). Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria will be bth gender who aged between 30-60 years with Positive Tinnel sign and reporting a Numeric Pain Rating Scale score between 4 and 7cm Exclusion Criteria will be patients with systemic pathology (i.e Hypothyroidism) , inflammatory disorder (i.e Rheumatoid arthritis) , Patients with Cervical radiculopathy , Patients with any deformity in hand or wrist , Patients who have undergone carpal tunnel treatment within the past 3 months and Pregnant Intervention groups: Experimental Group A will receive Carpal Bone Mobilization with neurodynamic Technique. The CBMT will be performed in 3 sets with 30 repetitions in each set, keeping a one minute gap between sets. The ND Technique will be performed in 2 sets of 5 minutes each with 1-minute rest between sets. It will be performed three times per week for six weeks consecutively. In Experimental Group B participants will receive Carpal Bone Mobilization without neurodynamic Technique Before apply mobilization routine physical therapy consist of heat therapy for 15 minutes will be applied. Main outcome variables: Pain Functional Status Range of Motion

Study aim: Primary purpose of this research to investigate the effects of the McConnell taping on pain and gait parameters with patello-femoral pain syndrome To investigate the effects of the Kinesio taping on pain and gait parameters with patello-femoral pain syndrome To compare the effects of the Kinesio taping and the McConnell taping on pain and gait parameters with the patello-femoral pain syndrome such pain, activities, gait parameters, and cadence. Design: Randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: Study 'll be conduct in Allied Hospital, District HQ Hospital, Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA Age 20-40 Persons those are experiencing the knee pain anteriorly Pain at worst once, within the last three months in two or more movements throughout prolonged squatting, sitting, stair climbing, kneeling, running, and jumping Unilateral(one sided) PFPS BMI 20 to 32 kg Patellar apprehension test EXCLUSION CRITERIA History of subluxation moreover dislocation of the patella Surgery of Lower extremity (LE) within the last year Due to damage of neurological damage, Sensory or motor paralysis On anterior knee pain scale, score of 80 or high Meniscal injury Osteoarthritis of Knee joint old fractures in the knee region with or without internal fixation tendon pathology of patella Any deformities of lower limb Pain is referred from the area of spine Intervention groups: Both group MT group and KT group will receive McConnell taping & Kinesio taping with baseline treatment stretching, strengthening as well as patellar mobilizatio Main outcome variables: pan, activities, gait parameters and cadence

Study aim: To compare the effects of active and positional release technique on pain, range of motion and functional disability in cervicogenic headache patient. Design: Two arm parallel group randomized trial with blinded 4th week follow up and outcome assessment with sample size of 68 Settings and conduct: Tehsil Head Quarter hospital Shakargarh Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Aged between 20-50 years • Both Male and females • Individuals diagnosed with neck pain accompanied by cervicogenic headaches • Patients experiencing unilateral pain due to cervicogenic headaches • Individuals suffering from cervicogenic headaches characterized by restricted cervical range of motion Exclusion Criteria: • History of tension type headache • History of trauma to the cervical • History of Vertebrobasilar insufficiency • History of Malignancy in the cervical area • History of operative procedure done in the cervical region Intervention groups: Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups (Group A: Active Release Technique, Group B: Positional release technique). The participants of group A will be given instructions on how to carry out each exercise properly, by the Kibler squeeze to perform active release technique. The participants randomly allocated in Group B will be received the Positional release technique. in side-lying position on unaffected side. Create a score of 10 by lightly pinching or squeezing the point. Then, try changing the subject's arm posture by raising it over their heads to relax the Sternocleidomastoid muscle that are tracing, or by bending their necks so they are facing the uncomfortable side while lying on a thick cushion. For 90 seconds, this position will be retained. The subject will be returned to its original position after being released. Main outcome variables: Pain؛ Function؛ Range of Motion

will be conducted across four major maternity hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, namely Jinnah Post

Study aim: This study aim to determine the combined effect of Active cycle Breathing Technique with Respiratory Muscle Stretching on dyspnea related kinesiophobia in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Design: The design of this study is Randomized, parallel Clinical Trial. Randomization is done by lottery method. In this method, the researcher gives each participant of the trial a number. Researchers draw numbers from the box randomly to allocate participants in two groups Settings and conduct: This study is conducted at Arif memorial teaching hospital and Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. In this trial participants are blinded through concealment to avoid biasness Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe COPD clinical stability (no changes in medication during the last month), no supplemental O2 dependence Exclusion criteria: Presence of comorbidities affecting ambulation/activity (e.g., severe cardiac or neurological disorders, cancer, musculoskeletal problems) history of cognitive disorders Intervention groups: Group A: Active Cycle Breathing Exercise Group B: Active Cycle Breathing Exercise + Respiratory Stretching Exercise (Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Upper Trapezius, Scalene, Sternocleidomastoid, Intercostal and anterior serratus) Main outcome variables: • Tampa Scale (Kinesiophobia) To evaluate kinesiophobia, the Tampa Scale (Kinesiophobia) is used, which consist of 17 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale: “strongly disagree (1 point),” “disagree (2 points),” “agree (3 points),” and “strongly agree (4 points).” For questions 4, 8, 12, and 16, the scores are reversed. Total scores range from 17 to 68 points, with higher scores indicating a stronger degree of Kinesiophobia. TSK’s internal consistency, retest reliability, and validity have already been confirmed.

Study aim: -To determine role of both treatment techniques to improve Global Functional Performance. -To determine the comparative balance improvement among the participants of both groups. -To determine the efficacy of the treatment techniques to improve functions of both upper and lower limb. Secondary Objective: -To assess the “Quality of Life” among participants of both groups. Design: Randomized Control Trial (RCT) Double blind study. Study groups: U-LIFT and HABIT-ILE . Phase: N.A Sample size:30, Randomization: Simple random sampling technique is used by sealed envelop method. The study is double blinded as participants/caregivers and outcome assessors are blinded. Study center: Multi study centers. Settings and conduct: The Children Complex Multan and CMH, Multan. All caregivers will be informed about the study and will sign written informed consent before interventions. Simple random sampling technique will be used by sealed envelop method. Study is double blinded as participants/caregivers and outcome assessors are blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: •Diagnosed hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy •Age 5-18 •Gross Motor Function Classification System score II-III • Manual Ability Classification System score II-IV •Ability to follow any 2-step instruction. Exclusion Criteria: •Cognitive Delay •Modified Ashworth score greater than 3 •Uncontrolled epilepsy •Any recent orthopedic surgery •Botulinum toxin injections within last 6 months •Visual or auditory impairments •Open wounds Intervention groups: There are 2 interventional groups; Group A and B. Group A :Upper-Lower Extremity Functional Training (U-LIFT) group; Group B: Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Training- Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) group. Main outcome variables: • ACTIVLIM-CP (Activity Limitations for Patients with Cerebral Palsy) • 1-Min Walk test • Pediatric Balance Scale • The Box and Block Test .

Study aim: My study aim is to assess the effectiveness of Graston technique with taping on the treatment of chronic plantar heel pain, foot function and foot health related quality of life of chronic plantar fasciitis patients. Design: Randomized, parallel groups, single blinded, randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: Medina Teaching Hospital, participants will be blinded so that they can not know either they will be in intervention group or in control group Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria  Patients will be diagnose with chronic plantar fasciitis and Pain started before more than 6 weeks and less than 6 months  Both gender age of 20 to 45 years were included  Pain on first steps of walking out of bed in the morning or after prolonged standing, or sitting  Pain located at the anterio- medial surface of heel or mid-foot and presence of an everted calcaneus greater than or equal to 2 Exclusion criteria No Previous history of severe vascular disease, cancer, joint disease, neurological disorders related to lower limb of affected side and pathological calcaneal spur  Ankle and foot fracture or surgery before 6 months and stress fracture before 8 months  Plantar having fascia release surgery done within 3 month back  Diabetics and altered skin sensation or foot dermal conditions  Who are already taking physical therapy treatment or any other treatment during 30 days of participation  Pregnant female  Who refuse to participate in the study Intervention groups: There will be one treatment group and one control group. 30 participants will include by randomization into treatment group and control group. 15 individuals will include into the treatment group which will GT group, 15 individuals will include into the control group which will control group randomly. Main outcome variables: plantar heel pain, Foot function and General foot health

Study aim: To explore effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in addition to routine physical therapy on pain, range of motion and postural alignment in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. Design: Parallel, 58 Sample size, Randomized Controlled Trial, single blinded Settings and conduct: Trial will be conducted in Physiotherapy department of Punjab Social Security Health Management Company Hospital. Assessor will be completely blind about outcomes. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age 20-50 year individuals, Having temporomandibular joint disorders with abnormal neck alignment, Pre-diagnosed patients referred by dentist and orthotics. Exclusion criteria: Systemic or local pathology like infectious or vascular disease of orofacial region Patient using another form of treatment for temporomandibular disorders Patient using functional appliances H/o frequent open dislocation Cervical radiculopathies Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint peripheral nerve injury Intervention groups: Group A (control) will follow routine physiotherapy (icing\ ultrasound\TENS and stretching\strengthening) and group B (intervention) will follow proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) program with routine physiotherapy. Both groups will follow 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks and home exercises for 2 weeks. Pain, Range of motion and Postural assessment will be conducted on 1st, 6th and 12th week.The PNF program will compose of a total of 8 therapeutic exercises. Contract relax, Combination of isotonic, Stabilizing reversals, and Rhythmic stabilization techniques will be used for elongation of upper cervical extensors, strengthening of infra-hyoid muscles, Increase stability and mobility of mandible in corrected posture of neck. Main outcome variables: Pain , Range of motion, Impairment of body structure and body function test.

Study aim: Primary aim of this study is to evaluate kinesio taping (KT) in addition to routine physical therapy (RPT) on balance, gait and quality in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Secondary aim, evaluate effectiveness of KT on motor symptoms, freezing of gait and activities of daily livings in PD. This study also investigate the immediate effects of KT on balance and gait in PD patients. Design: Parallel group, double blind, randomized controlled trial, enrolled between March 2019 and July 2019, and followed for 3 months Settings and conduct: University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, University of Lahore. Participant, outcome assessor and data analyser blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Patients are eligible if they had diagnosis of PD according to UK Brain Bank criteria, modified Hoehn & Yahr Stage 2.5-3, MDS-UPDRS III subscore for “gait” and “postural stability” is ≥ 1. Stable dose of levodopa for last 4 weeks. They are excluded if they score Mini Mental State Examination < 24/30. Patient had deep brain stimulation surgery. Fixed vertebral deformities. Have severe cardiovascular or pulmonary problems. Intervention groups: In RPT, stretching, strengthening exercises, balance exercises; aerobic exercises, treadmill training were also given. In intervention group KT along with RPT given. KT was applied in a tailored manner for each patient, on two regions, back and leg. On back, 2 strips were applied along the dorsal lumbar spinal tract between the T1 and L5 vertebrae spinous processes, bilaterally. While adding 1 other vertical strip on the lumbar region (quadratus lumborum muscle) opposite to the flexed side. On both legs, KT was attached to the skin on the course of tibialis anterior muscle. Main outcome variables: GAITRite Platinum system (GaitRite, CIR system Inc., USA, 2008). Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39) Berg Balance Scale MDS-UPDRS III

Study aim: The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of combined treatment with triamcinolone acetonide and I/L plus tacrolimus versus tacrolimus alone in young patients with AA ,the study aims to compare clinical outcomes ,including symptoms resolution,improvement in hair fall & patient satisfaction between the two treatment regimens. Design: Community-based ,parallel group .non blind ,randomized controlled trial. Settings and conduct: This study will be conducted on patients presenting in dermatology OPD fulfilling the inclusion criteria and study is not blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria for the study are diagnosed cases of alopecia areata,patient age between 12-50 years of either sex,those willing to provide informed consent. Patient diagnosed with alopecia areata. Exclusion Criteria include ,patient having SALT score < 50 at baseline. Non-consenting patient. Patient with autoimmune diseases. Pregnant women. Patient's on immunosuppression therapy. Intervention groups: All patient will be randomly divided into 2 groups by using sequentially numbered opaque envelop. Patient in group A will receive intralesional triamcinolone Acetonide with topical tacrolimus 0.1% while group B will receive topical tacrolimus 0.1%. In group A, intralesional triamcinolone Acetonide 10mg will be given every 3 weeks along with topical tacrolimus 0.1% twice a day for 12 weeks. In group B, topical tacrolimus 0.1% will be advise twice a day for 12 weeks. Main outcome variables: Final outcome efficacy will be evaluated after 12 weeks of treatment by using SALT score as per criteria mentioned in operational definition. All the findings confounding variables such as age, gender, residence and duration of hair loss will be noted in a predesigned performa.Efficacy in intralesional triamcinolone Acetonide with tacrolimus groups was higher as compared to tacrolimus alone (53.33% vs 30%).

Study aim: • To compare the effects of Mulligan and Maitland mobilization to decrease pain and improve Range of Motion among patients having Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain. • To find out either Mulligan or Maitland mobilization is effective to eliminate kinesiophobia among patients due to Chronic Non Specific Low Back Pain. Design: A Single Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial was conducted. Settings and conduct: Subjects were recruiting from Outdoor Patient Department of; • District Headquarter Nankana Sahib • Alkarim Hospital Nankana Sahib Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: inculsion criteria: • Both gender (Male /Female) with the age 20-40. • Patient having low back pain with duration of at least 4 months. • At least moderate pain according to NPRS. • Minimum flexion of lumbar was 37±12° (23). • Minimum extension of lumbar was 14±4° (23). • Minimum kinesiophobia was 40±4 exclusion criteria: • Diagnosed with specific disease of LBP (arthritis, SIJ pain, and osteoporosis) • Recent fracture or history of fracture • Osteoporosis • Pregnancy or C-section 6 months ago • Previous hip or back surgery or fracture less than half year prior Intervention groups: Group A basically a Mulligan group and Group B was a Maitland group. Group A (Mulligan group), apply Hot Pack first for 10 minutes to warm while the patient lies in a comfortable position. After the warm-up, the patient received a Mulligan mobilization during which the exercisers performed half crunches, knee-to-chest, and hamstring stretches for 15 minutes. And same for Group B (Maitland group), but the difference was to apply Maitland Mobilization. Main outcome variables: Outcome Measure Following outcome measures were used to gather data from selected population. 1-Primary Outcome Measure • Pain intensity = Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). • Lumbar Range of Motion = Measuring tape. 2-Secondary Outcome Measure Kinesiophobia = Tampa Scale.

Study aim: To determine the comparative effects of semont liberatory maneuver and Cawthorne Cooksey exercises in patients with posterior semicircular canal BPPV To estimate the effectiveness of both the treatments To evaluate the improvement in patient's symptoms Design: Pragmatic, parallel group, single blinded, randomised controlled trial Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad National Hospital Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria 1. Gender female 2. Willing participants 3. Age 25-45 years 4. Acute cases of BPPV 5. Participants physically capable of undergoing the Semont maneuver. 6. Positive Dix-Hallpike test 7. Absence of other vestibular disorders Exclusion Criteria 1. Patients with progressive vascular pathology 2. Patients with active vertigo complaints were excluded 3. Patients having neck fragility or neck instability 4. Patients who had some brainstem or cerebellar signs. 5. Mentally unstable patients 6. patients with cognitive and perceptual problems Intervention groups: Intervention Group A Group A will receive Semont liberatory maneuver. Group B Group B will receive Cawthorne Cooksey Exercises. Both groups will receive intervention 3 times per week for 3 weeks. Pre readings will be calculated before the start of intervention. 1st reading post treatment will be taken after 2 weeks, 2nd reading post treatment will be taken after 3rd week. Main outcome variables: Dizziness Visual analogue scale (VAS) Dizziness handicap inventory (DHI)

Study aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of KT with conventional physical therapy and MWM with conventional physical therapy on pain, disability, and function in footballers with sub-acute lateral ankle sprains. Design: Parallel group, single-blind, randomized control trial Settings and conduct: 30 subjects will be studied at the Dr. AQ Khan Physio Clinic, Multan. Participants and assessors will be blinded. During the first visit, the researcher will complete a thorough case history and lumbar regional assessment. Patients will be assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure score for function and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale for pain. Treatment will then be continued according to the allotted group intervention. All participants will receive a total of 12 treatment sessions over a 4-week period, which will consist of 3 treatment sessions per week. The researcher will take a follow-up survey after 12 sessions. A follow-up assessment will be done at the end of 12 sessions as the post-treatment reading. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: age between 13 and 17 years; male athletes; more than two years’ participation in a football career; history of recurrent ankle sprains with an average of six months since their last sprain; feeling of ankle instability during training. Exclusion criteria: current assisted ambulation; acute ankle trauma occurring within 7 days of injury incident; medial ankle instability; grade III ankle sprains; a sprain sustained in the previous 12 months; connective tissue disorder; inability to bear weight through the affected extremity immediately after injury; chronic ankle injury on the contralateral side. Intervention groups: Group A: Kinesio taping with conventional physical therapy. Group B: Mulligan’s Mobilization with Movement with conventional physical therapy. Main outcome variables: Pain and function

Study aim: Determining the Impact of an Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model on Air Pollution-Reducing Behaviors Among Drivers in Tehran. Design: After Selecting 80 Drivers From Among Those Who Scored The Lowest In Performance During The Descriptive-Analytical Phase (Pre-Test), A Simple Random Sampling Method Is Used To Randomly Allocate Them Into Intervention And Control Groups. The Developed Educational Program Is Delivered To The Intervention Group, While The Control Group Receives No Intervention. Post-Tests Are Conducted At Three Different Time Points: Immediately After The Intervention, One Month Post-Intervention, And Three Months Post-Intervention, For Both The Intervention And Control Groups. Settings and conduct: The Study Is Conducted Among Active Taxi Drivers In Tehran, Who Are Randomly Assigned Into Two Groups: Intervention And Control. The Designed Educational Program Is Delivered To The Intervention Group, While The Control Group Receives No Intervention. Post-Tests Are Administered At Three Different Time Points: Immediately After The Intervention, One Month Post-Intervention, And Three Months Post-Intervention, For Both The Intervention And Control Groups. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: - Reading And Writing Skills - Having At Least One Year Of Driving Experience As A Taxi Driver - Staying In Tehran - Informed Consent Exclusion Criteria: - Lack Of Interest In Continuing To Participate In Research - Absence In One Of The Training Sessions - Change Of Residence Intervention groups: Taxi Drivers in Tehran City, Such As Taxis Main outcome variables: Driving Behavior

Study aim: To determine the effects of multi-modal balance training with and without auditory cues on balance, mobility, risk of fall and quality of life in chronic stroke. Design: A randomized, single blinded clinical trial with a parallel group design of 42 patients ( divided into two groups), were selected from Physical Therapy Department of Islam teaching hospital and Imran idrees hospital cantt. and followed for 12 weeks Settings and conduct: The data will be collected from the Islam teaching Hospital and Imran idrees hospital cantt.. The study population will be patients witrh chronic stroke which will randomly allocated into two groups. Group A (Multimodal Balance Training with Auditory cues) and Group B ( Multimodal Balance Training without Auditory cues). Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria will be both genders with the age between 45-70 years , having one sided stroke with no or less than grade 2 spasticity in modified ashworth scale and less than 52 score in berg balance scale. Exclusion criteria will be the patients with any respiratory disorders (i.e. asthma), orthopedic disorder (i.e. arthritis), non-healing ulcers, visuospatial problems (i.e. hemineglect) and cardiac disorder ( i.e. myocardial infarction) Intervention groups: Both experimental groups received balance training; one intervention group (Group A) received exercises combined with auditory cues provided by using a google metronome (RAS-supported multimodal balance intervention), whereas the other intervention group (Group B ) received balance training without auditory cues (only multimodal balance training). All the participants perform exercises for 45 minutes session with 10 minutes of rest break, on two alternative days in a week for a period of 12 weeks. Effects of intervention will be measured after 6th and 12th weeks Main outcome variables: Balance, Gait mobility, Risk of fall, Quality of life

Study aim: The aim of this study will be to determine the immediate effects of active release technique on Pain, ROM and Functional Disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis patients. Design: Parallel group randomized clinical trial and Randomization will be achieved through computer generated random number table. Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad. It will be assessor who will be blinded about the type of intervention. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Both gender Age 40 to 65 years Unilateral adhesive capsulitis Grade 1 adhesive capsulitis diagnosed by orthopedic specialist. Exclusion criteria: Participants having rotator cuff injury. Cervical radiculopathy Thoracic outlet syndrome Autoimmune diseases Fracture of upper limb Intervention groups: Group A will receive active release technique after conservative treatment. Conservative treatment will be given in form of hot pack for 15 minutes followed by pendular movements. Following pendular exercises patients will be instructed to perform active assisted exercises comprising of 3 sets, 10 repetitions with 10 second’s hold. after that active release technique will be applied by Therapist in which Therapist will apply pressure or deep tension over the tender area or trigger points while patient will actively perform the movement throughout the maneuver. This technique will be repeated 3 times per session and total treatment duration will be 40 to 45 minutes. It will comprise of 12 sessions, twice a week for 4 weeks Group B will receive conventional treatment in form of hot pack for 15 minutes followed by pendular movements. Following pendular exercises patients will be instructed to perform active assisted exercises comprising of 3 sets, 10 repetitions with 10 second’s hold. Total treatment duration will be 25 to 30 minutes Main outcome variables: Pain Range of motion of shoulder Functional disability

adults at National Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Islamabad, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and

Study aim: The goal of this study was to determine the effect of Kefir supplementation of on clinical outcomes and immune response in COVID-19 patients. Design: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial with a sample size of 100 patients Settings and conduct: In this study, 100 adult patients with the criteria of being infected with COVID-19 after being admitted to the Corona Ward of Tehran Army Hospital 503 were selected based on the entry criteria and randomly entered into 2 study groups. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 Intervention groups: In the intervention group, participants received kefir grains (2-10%) to milk twice a day (250 ccs each time) for two weeks. Main outcome variables: Inflammatory factors and clinical status

Study aim: To compare the outcome of open kinetic chain and close kinetic chain neuromuscular training to reduce pain and improve functional status in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome Design: Two arms parallel-group randomized controlled trial in which 60 patients (30 in each group) will be assigned into two groups Settings and conduct: The sampling frame formed for all the diagnosed patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, presenting to the physiotherapy department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, and through a simple random sampling technique sample will be drawn. After taking consent from the patients, the patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be selected for the study. Patients and assessors will be blind regarding the treatment groups. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: All patients between the age of 18 to 30 years, diagnosed cases of Patellofemoral pain syndrome on the basis of history and physical examination will be included in this study. Patients with a history of surgery, trauma, dislocation of patella, degenerative joint disease, cardiac or locomotor disorders documented in history or history of any instability of knee due to meniscal or ligament injury confirmed by physical examination will be excluded. Intervention groups: Intervention group 1: neuromuscular close kinetic chain group. Intervention group 2: neuromuscular open kinetic chain Main outcome variables: Pain; severity of symptoms; functional status; Kaujala anterior knee pain scale; Q-angle

Study aim: To find out and compare the effect gong’s mobilization and mulligan mobilization on pain of adhesive Capsulitis patients. To find out and compare the effect of gong’s mobilization and mulligan mobilization on proprioception of Adhesive Capsulitis patient. To find out and compare the effect of gong’s mobilization and mulligan mobilization on sleep quality of Adhesive Capsulitis patient Design: The study was a single blinded randomized clinical trail Settings and conduct: The study was conducted in Benazir Bhutto hospital, randomly allocated 15 patients to Group A and 15 patients to Group B through sealed envelope method, to ensure fairness and randomness Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria Both male and female patients with age between 40-65 years. Patients with unilateral Adhesive Capsulitis. History of Shoulder joint pain and shoulder stiffness for more than 3 months Person with bad sleep quality, and diagnosed with ≥5 score in PSQI. Person with Abduction ≥ 50º 3.3.2. Exclusion Criteria Participants failing to fell in this category were excluded from the study. Participants with history of shoulder surgery Post traumatic shoulder pain & stiffness Recent History of fracture Diagnosed instability and history of dislocation Congenital abnormalities of Shoulder Systemic inflammatory conditions (RA) Intervention groups: The subjects were randomized into two groups with equal participants in each group. Each group was assessed at baseline and after 2 weeks (6 sessions per week) of intervention which included pain through VAS, proprioception through laser pointer angle reproduction test and sleep quality through Pittsburg Sleep Index. Experimental group 1 received Gong’s mobilization and experimental group 2 received Mulligan mobilization. Main outcome variables: VAS Laser-Pointer Assisted Angle Reproduction Test (LP-ART) for proprioception Pittsburgh sleep index

carried out at PAF School for Persons with Special Needs (PSNs) PAF Base Nur Khan Rawalpindi, Pakistan

sehat medical complex lahore Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Crtieria

& 600 from Pakistan would be recruited by Simple Random Sampling (SRS). A valid questionnaire (Oswestry (...) of above mentioned questionnaires would be used for right hand drive drivers in Pakistan. In the

Study aim: Determine the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing and education Self Knowledge Sources on life style .in Patients with type II diabetes. Design: ‏ 80 patients were selected randomly and randomly divided into two groups of 40 patients. Then, patients at the Firouzgar Hospital were exposed to motivational interviewing and patients at Imam Reza Hospital were trained by Self Knowledge Sources Settings and conduct: 40 patients from Imam Reza Hospital and 40 patients from Firouzgar Hospital will be selected randomly. For both groups, a preliminary pre-test is performed. Then, patients in the Firouzgar Hospital are are exposed to motivational interview for 10 sessions; and Imam Reza Hospital patients are exposed to Self Knowledge Sources for 10 sessions. Finally, the post-test is executed and the data is analyzed. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Aged over 35 Not having another chronic disease Having Type 2 Diabetes Exclusion Criteria‏ History of the disease less than 1 year Use of non-diabetic drugs Alcohol or substance abuse Simultaneously undergo another psychological treatment Except motivational interviewing and education Self Knowledge Sources Intervention groups: . In the first group, patients receive 10 sessions of motivational interviewing for 2 two hours.and the second group patients receive 10 sessions of education Self Knowledge Sources for 2 two hours. Main outcome variables: life style: , lifestyle is a combination of behavioral patterns and individual habits throughout life, including nutrition, physical activity, stress, smoking and the quality of sleep that arose after being socialized. The lifestyle is a multifaceted phenomenon that all The aspects of everyday life, sleep, food, health, customs, work, play, entertainment, time spent, consensus, thinking, behavior, feelings and emotions.

Study aim: Comparison of the effectiveness of two local anesthetic techniques of Inferior alveolar nerve block(IANB) and intra periodontal ligament injection of the pain during extraction of mandibular posterior teeth Design: Study is randomized clinical trial which is split mouth . we have 30 patients . In the split mouth method two symmetrical side of mouth is chosen for two different interventions hence the local factors are reduced and the sturdy will be more accurate. The study was two side blind which evaluator and patients weren't aware of the treatment groups. There were two groups of case and control. Settings and conduct: the study is done in tehran azad dentistry school and other clinics . the patients and evaluators are blind . Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: all the patients indicated for bilateral mandibular posterior teeth extraction Intervention groups: on the one side of the mandible Inferior alveolar nerve block is given and the other side intra peiodontal ligament injection is given Main outcome variables: Pain