Study aim: The study aims to find out the effects of Voodoo floss band with Proprioception neuromuscular facilitation(Hold-Relax) stretching in improving Hamstring Flexibility and pain reduction in low back and lumbar flexion ROM in patients with Non-specific Chronic low back pain. Design: Quasi-Experimental study Settings and conduct: Clinics and Hospitals will be the settings and the research will be conducted as follows : a screening performas will be distributed to those who are willing to participate those who fulfill the screening and inclusion exclusion criteria will be selected and then will be evaluated using ODI questionnaire, by checking SLR ,By measuring MMST and then pain on NPRS. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: age 18-45 years, Both Genders, Persons who sit for more than 3 hours, During SLR having pain at >70 degrees, Patients with Past three months of NSCLBP Exclusion Criteria: Malignancy, Pregnancy, Disc Herniation, Fracture, Surgery in past 6 months Intervention groups: After the evaluation and recruitment of participants , the participants will be equally distributed to two groups. Two Groups , Group 1 :PNF (Hold-Relax) stretching with Voodoo Floss band, Group 2:PNF (Hold-Relax) stretching. Both groups will have equal participants with base line treatment using TENS and Ultrasound on low back and the voodoo floss band will then be wrapped around thigh and the PNF technique will be performed in Three sessions per week for four weeks and the recordings will be taken at baseline week(2) and then at week(4) in clinic and hospital settings Main outcome variables: SLR(Straight leg Raise test), NPRS(Numeric Pain Rating Scale), ODI(Oswestry Disability Index), MMST(Modified-Modified Schober's Test)

Study aim: study aims to compare the effects of routine physical therapy with and without kinesiotaping for treatment of patients with dequervains tenosynovtis. Design: single blinded , randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: District headquarter hospital Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. Participants

Study aim: The aim of study is to compare the effects of scapulothoracic joint mobilization and acromioclavicular joint mobilization on pain among adhesive capsulitis patients. Design: Quasi-Experimental research design, where participants with unilateral adhesive capsulitis was divided into 2 groups and both groups received the group wise interventions. Non-probability Purposive Sampling was used to recruit participants for study which was allocated to groups using computer generated number by random allocation. Settings and conduct: This study will be conducted at physiotherapy departments of Allied Hospital and DHQ Hospital Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Male and female participants of age between 40-60 years old; Participants having idiopathic Adhesive capsulitis (phase I & II); Participants with a complain of pain score of minimum 3 or more on NPRS and minimum 30 percent disability scores on SPADI questionnaire. Exclusion criteria: Patients suffering with shoulder pain from a severe trauma; Participants with rotator cuff pathologies, calcification tendinitis; Participants with history of osteoarthritis.Any inflammatory or infective diseases, skin disorders, Patients having cardiac issues. Intervention groups: Intervention group 1; Acromioclavicular joint mobilization was performed three times per week for four weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. Acromioclavicular joint mobilization and baseline treatment was take 40 minutes in total Intervention group 2; Scapulothoracic mobilization was performed three times per week for four weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. Scapulothoracic mobilization and baseline treatment was take 40 minutes in total. Main outcome variables: Range Of Motion (ROM); Shoulder Pain

Study aim: To determine the effectiveness of gaze stability with and without vestibular rehabilitation on gait, balance, and kinesiophobia in elderly people. Design: A concealed, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trialS with a group design of 96 participants. Settings and conduct: In Sofia old age home Multan and Nova old age home Multan study will be conducted. Group-A will be treated with gaze stability exercises and Group B will be treated with gaze stability with vestibular rehabilitation exercises. The data analyzer will be kept blind. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: In inclusion criteria both gender aged 50-79 years with at least 50% of Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale score included. In exclusion criteria were people with serious mobility issues, people with the neoplastic disorder, and coronary artery disease patients. Intervention groups: Group A received gaze stability exercises and group B received gaze stability with vestibular rehabilitation exercises. Main outcome variables: Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) Time up and go test for balance (TUG) Dynamic gait index for gait (DGI)

Study aim: To compare the effects of rib cage mobilization and diaphragmatic breathing on lung function in patients with COPD. Design: Randomize clinical trial, not blind trial, 2 group. Settings and conduct: Idrees teaching hospital Sialkot Cantt, Allama Iqbal memorial hospital Sialkot, Chest and gynae hospital Sialkot. The study was conducted within 6 months after the approval of synopsis. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: •Age 40 to 70 years, at least history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from 1 year •Altered dyspnea index •Decrease FEV1/FVC •chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Grade II and III Exclusion criteria: •Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease •Grade IV chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. •Patients with comorbidities •Patient in any life-threatening condition. Intervention groups: Group A: Rib cage mobilization, postural drainage, breathing exercises(expiratory) Group B: diaphragmatic breathing, postural drainage, breathing exercises(expiratory) Pre interventional readings will be taken at baseline & post interventional readings at 6 weeks Main outcome variables: level of dyspnea(Dyspnea index) and FEV1/FVC ratio (Spirometer)

Study aim: To determine the comparative effectiveness of cervical translatoric mobilizations with cervical stability training on pain and mobility in female patients with cervicogenic headache. Design: Randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: SETTING: Orthopedic Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Neurology Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Physiotherapy Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. DURATION OF STUDY: Six months after the approval of synopsis Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Female patients aged 20-40 years Diagnosis of cervicogenic headache Positive cervical flexion-rotation test (FRT) Exclusion Criteria: Patients previously receiving treatment for underlying pathology. Patients presented with red flag signs for headache. Patients presented with migraine. Patients in whom manual therapy is contraindicated. Patients who are diagnosed with radiculopathy. Patients who are taking analgesics. Intervention groups: GROUP-A: Cervical Translatoric Mobilization This group will receive a 10-minute treatment consisting of 30-second series of translatoric mobilizations of the upper cervical spine with 10-second rest periods between sets. GROUP-B: Cervical Stability Training The Cervical Stability Training consists of three application phases. The first phase will improve muscular coordination and proprioception. The second phase will improve muscular endurance and strength. The final phase will improve muscular strength as well. The intensity of exercise in the third phase will be slightly higher than in the second phase. Based on the exercise tolerance of the patients, all exercises will be repeated 7–10 times during the first week and 10–15 times during the second week of each phase. Main outcome variables: Pain reduction Increasing range of motion Reduced disability

randomly. 1. Pakistan Sports Board and coaching center. 2. K21 Sports Academy, Model town. Participants

performed in the institute of physical medicine and rehabilitation Khyber Medical University Pakistan after

Study aim: The objective and aim of this study are: To find out the effectiveness of myofascial release technique with Valgus correction exercise on balance, quality of life, range of motion and pain in patients with grade II knee osteoarthritis. Design: parallel group randomized clinical trial and Randomization will be achieved through computer generated random number table. Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital. it will be assessor who will be blinded about the type of intervention. Treatment will be given by principal /investigator Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: age: 40-60 years Both gender Iliotibial band tightness Knee osteoarthritis ACR (American college of Rheumatology) Exclusion Criteria: knee arthroplasty bone tumor Any other pathology Osteomyelitis Intervention groups: Group A: Intervention group. Myofascial release technique The individuals in the Group A will be treated using hot pack on knee area, quadricep isometrics 10 *10 and myofascial release Technique for iliotibial band. Patients will be asked to perform knee flexion and extension for another 5 minutes. Frequency: Two Times a Week for 6 weeks Group B: valgus correction exercise (VCE) Technique: The individuals in the Group B will be treated using hot pack on knee area, quadricep isometrics 10 *10 and myofascial release Technique. In addition to this patient will perform valgus correction exercise (VCE) for 10 minutes. Valgus correction exercise (VCE) • Squat in front of mirror (0°-60° of knee flexion, performed in front of mirror to ensure the knee does not exceed the midfoot) • Hip lateral rotation • Lateral walk with elastic resistance around forefoot Frequency: Two Times a Week for 6 weeks The outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, third and at 6 weeks of intervention. Main outcome variables: Pain, knee Range of motion, balance and qaulity of life

Study aim: To compare the effects of pelvic strengthening excercises with and without lumbopelvic belt on postpartum females with pelvic girdle pain. Design: Randomize clinical trial, not blind trial, 2 group. Settings and conduct: MEDLANE MEDICAL COMPLEX GULBERG 3 LAHORE. The study was conducted within 6 months after the approval of synopsis. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: •Age 25-35 •Diagnosed cases of pelvic girdle pain. •Willing to participate in the research •First post partum period. Exclusion Criteria: •History of previous pelvic surgery •History of pelvis fracture •Any neurological problem •Patients using the pain killers •Patients with depression •Uncontrolled thyroid disorder Intervention groups: Group A: patients were treated with conventional physical therapy treatment and pelvic strengthening exercises with lumbopelvic belt. Group B: patients were treated with conventional physical therapy treatment and pelvic strengthening exercises. Pre interventional readings will be taken at baseline & post interventional readings at 4 weeks Main outcome variables: pain intensity (VAS) and low back pain (ODI)

collected from Department of Physical Therapy, Bkhtawar Amin Trust and Teaching Hospital, Multan, Pakistan

Study aim: The aim of the study is to evaluates the effects of resistance training versus endurance training on hyperlipidemia, uric acid, and glucose levels in patients with metabolic syndrome Design: Parallel, 64 sample size, Randomized Clinical Trial, single blinded Settings and conduct: The trial will be conducted in the Physiotherapy department of Punjab Social Security Health Management Company Hospital and sharif city polyclinic raiwind. The assessor will be completely blind to outcomes Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age 30-50 years individuals, Male and female both, Having Metabolic syndrome 22 Exclusion Criteria: Type I diabetes, Heart failure, Renal problems, Mal absorption syndrome, History of bariatric surgery, Participants who were taking weight loss medications, Smoker, alcohol intake, Pregnant or lactation22 Intervention groups: The participant will be divided into two groups. Both groups will follow two different supervised exercise training programs. Group A follows Endurance exercises: 30 min per day of endurance exercise training on the treadmill, intensity will be adjusted through HRmax(heart rate maximum) . Group B follows Resistance exercises: exercise starts with 30% repetition maximum of resistance exercise training on multiple exercise units, 3 sets of 9 exercises, six times per week with 10 repetitions, 1 min rest between sets. The load will be adjusted every week according to the 70% 1RM rule. 9 resistance exercises that will be followed during 12 weeks on multiple exercise units are listed below 1. Front raises 2. Shoulder shrug 3. Bicep curl 4. Seated dumbbell press 5. Lateral raises 6. Pull down 7. Leg extension curl 8. Seated row 9. Chest press Main outcome variables: blood pressure, sugar level( HBA1C), lipid profile(triglyceride, high and low density lipid), uric acid levels, pain

Study aim: Evaluation of the effect of correct flossing technique on periodontal clinical indicators Design: Clinical trial with control group, 2 arm parallel group, single-blinded, randomized, on 100 patients, randomization was done with random numbers table. Settings and conduct: Location: General Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Isfahan. How to do: Select 100 patients from dental school referrals. Method: Random allocation of patients to two groups of control and intervention using random numbers table. Blindness: The therapist is blinded because the therapist who performs the examination and scaling and root planning knows the patients only through random codes. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: At least 20 existing teeth People having calculus on their teeth People completely healthy physically and mentally People who are not used to using dental floss (use less than 2 times a week) Having the necessary cooperation to observe health Presence of Ramford's teeth or replacement teeth؛ Non-inclusion criteria: Moderate to severe periodontitis Deep caries, overhang and crown Gingival recession Pregnancy Mouth breathing People who are taking antibiotics or aspirin People who have gingival hyperplasia Intervention groups: Intervention group: After the initial sampling, index recording and scaling and root planning, people were taught the technique of brushing once a day by the Rolling method using a soft toothbrush along with the use of thin fluoridated dental floss once a day. Control group: After the initial sampling, index recording and scaling and root planning, people were taught the technique of brushing once a day by the Rolling method using a soft toothbrush. Main outcome variables: Clinical attachment level; Bleeding on marginal probing; Approximal Plaque Index; Calculus Surface Index; Probing depth index

Lahore, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria were patients of

Study aim: The aim of study was to determine combine effects of hip strengthening exercises with knee strengthening exercises on knee pain, function and activities of daily livings and quality of life in women with knee osteoarthritis Design: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: Physical therapy department of WAPDA Teaching Hospital Complex Lahore, Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria; Age 40-70 year, Female only, Unilateral knee OA, Diagnosed patients of knee OA by orthopedic, Grade II to III by Kellgren– Lawrence scale and No pervious surgical/ steroid injection history with in last 6month. The following were the exclusion criteria; Bony abnormalities that affected knee, Plan of surgical procedure with in the time frame of study, Have history of injury that may cause OA, Systemic inflammatory and medical disease that have prevent physical activity Intervention groups: A resistance exercises program included Hip exercise with Hnee exercise (Hip flexors, Hip extensor, Hip abductor/adductor, Hip external and Internal rotators) and Knee strengthening (Knee flexors, Knee extensor). The subjects in CG were underwent a resistance exercises program included only Knee exercises (Knee flexors, Knee extensor, Leg press, Heel press and Calf hold Main outcome variables: Pain, Function and Quality of life

Study aim: The objective of this study was to assess the synergistic effects of curcumin with and without strengthening exercises in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Design: Pragmatic,community bases,parallel group,Double blinded,Randomised control trial. There were 100 patients were enrolled.Study was done form June-december 2021.Out of 100 patients 90 were selected. Settings and conduct: Study was conducted at Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences Multan after approval from institutional ethical comittee. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Patients of all ages, diagnosed RA, of both gender, and patients with swelling in joints and pain. Exclusion criteria: Patients with vascular neoplasia, fibromyalgia, radiculopathy, neuropathy, tumor, joint fractures, and vestibular problems were excluded. Intervention groups: Treatment group A was treated with Curcumin and strengthening exercises, and control group B was treated with Curcumin only. Dosage of 180 mg/day of Curcumin The strengthening exercises given to group A were upper extremity resistive exercises, resistive hand training with the medicine ball, elbow, and shoulder resistive training by dumbbells. Lower extremity resistive exercises i-e resistive knee training by pressing soft rollers and ankle weights—upper extremity theraband strengthening exercises and lower extremity theraband strengthening exercises. Main outcome variables: By using WOMAC and NPRS,pain,stiffness and physical activities were measured.And at the end patient dependency and range of motion were also assessed.By using WOMAC and NPRS scale,pain stiffness and ADLs were the variables to be assessed. Morover,Xray finding were also done for the assessment.

Study aim: Muscle energy technique is an emerging type of manual therapy. It is not common in clinical setups. Nowadays, clients and patients want results of a treatment on the spot. So, the scholar want to find out immediate effects of MET on cervical pain and range of motion Design: This study will have 2 groups. A will be experimental group and B control . Sample size: 50 Randomization: will be done using lottery method Center: Single center Settings and conduct: (Hayatabad medical complex, MTI, Peshawar) Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Male and female, Age 18-50 years, Subjects having neck pain from previous 3 or more than 3 months Exclusion criteria: Cervical radiculopathy or disc prolapse, trauma, bone fractures, joint dislocation or cervical instability, dermatitis, abnormal sensations, active bleeding and open wounds, History of the neck surgery in the past 12 months, Diagnosed cases of serious pathologies like infection, inflammation or malignancy Intervention groups: Experimental Group (Group A): This group will be same as control group (as in having conventional physical therapy) but with addition of the intervention which will be muscle energy techniques (MET). Therapist will give resistance to produce isometric contraction in the muscles just short of the barrier. The patient strength of muscle contraction will be less than the therapist counter force of resistance. Therapist will hold the position for 7-10 seconds. Then a 30 seconds stretch will be given and the process will be repeated three times. Control Group (Group B): This group will comprise of conventional therapy for the participants. Conventional therapy will include heating pad for 15-20 minutes and soft tissue release for 5 minutes. Main outcome variables: Outcome will be measured on the basis of means of NPRS score and neck ROMs.

Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA 1. Age 20-40 years Male. 2

Study aim: To determine the comparative effects of high and low intensity resistance training on balance and fatigue perception in patients with Parkinson's disease. Design: Parallel group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial on 44 individuals Settings and conduct: A study was conducted in Physiotherapy Department at District Headquarter Hospital (DHQ) Sheikhupura. A single blinded study and participants were blinded through chit method. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: both male and female; 50-65 years old people; Parkinson's disease. Exclusion criteria: cognitive impairments; diagnosed by any other neurological conditions. Intervention groups: Patients allocated to Group A performed a low-intensity exercise program that included breathing, stretching, and relaxation in a sitting position twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks. In contrast, Participants located in Group B went through high-intensity exercises with Thera-bands twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks with individualized progression. Each session ended up in 60 min. The standard training program included a 5-10 min warm-up session, core activities, and a 5-min cool-down. Outcomes were measured by two scales, Mini-Bestest and Revised Piper Fatigue Scale. Main outcome variables: Dynamic balance (sensory orientation; dynamic gate; postural instability; anticipatory transitions); Fatigue perception (behavioral/severity; affective meaning; sensory; cognitive/mood).

Study aim: Literature has reported beneficial effects of prone positioning but in our region the use of this positioning is dependent on patients’ will. Currently to the investigator’s knowledge, no such trial has been documented comparing prone positioning and prone positioning combined with ACBTs, studies only showed that prone positioning is feasible and effective for COVID-19 patients. so the aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of prone positioning combined with ACBT techniques in non-intubated COVID-19 patients at HAYATABAD MEDICAL COMPLEX, PESHAWAR. Design: Randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: The data will be collected from 97 patients admitted in Hayatabad Medical complex Peshawar. Participants and assessor will be blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: i. Admitted patients ii. Laboratory confirmed SARS-COV-2 having PCR or pharyngeal swab positive. iii. Both male and female gender. iv. Age ≥18 years. v. Noninvasive ventilation Exclusion Criteria: i. Intubated patients ii. Pregnancy iii. Patient inability to tolerate prone positioning iv. Hemodynamically unstable (SBP<90mmhg) or arrhythmias v. Pressure sores vi. Seizures vii. Recent abdominal surgery1) Intervention groups: This control group will comprise of prone positioning for 1 hour session, five sessions per day each spaced 2 hours for 1 week. The interventional group will be same as control group but with addition of ACBT technique. The technique comprises breathing Control in which patient will breathe in and out gently through nose then deep Breath through nose hold for 2-3 sec before breath out 3-5 times then huffing or Forced Expiratory Technique to remove secretions for 15-20 minutes for 1 week Main outcome variables: 1. heart rate 2. respiratory rate 3 blood pressure 4 oxygen saturation

Study aim: To find out Effects of Inspiratory Muscles training in improving Dyspnea and quality of life in moderate COPD patients during Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Design: Two parallel group , single blinded, randomized control trial with pre and post assessment Settings and conduct: Pulmonology Ward/Intensive Care unit Nishtar Medical University and Hospital Multan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria, •Moderate cases of COPD as per Gold Criteria •Moderate cases FEV1 =50–79 •Participants routinely visiting the OPD •Participants with significant history of smoking •Well controlled DM or HTN, if they have •Age 20 to 40 years. Exclusion criteria, •Pregnancy • History Of Recent Trauma/Fall Or Fracture •Red Flags Like: Fever, Night Sweats, Malaise Etc. • Patients Having History Of Pneumonectomy • Lobectomy In Previous 6 Months • Risk Of Pneumothorax/Presence Of Bulla • Rib Fracture • Acute Exacerbation Of COPD • Having History Of Drug Abuse • Unstable Cardiovascular Diseases • Unstable Orthopedic Problems Intervention groups: Standardized pulmonary rehabilitation program along with Inspiratory muscle training Main outcome variables: Multidimensional Dyspnoea Profile (MDP) •Assessment of quality of life using the SGRQ (Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire) • Pulmonary function changes by Inspiratory capacity at rest and inspiratory capacity at the end of the 6MWT using a portable spirometer.

Study aim: the aim of study is to compare the effects of mobilization and manipulation on pain and functional disability in female patients with Sacroiliac joint dysfunction and to check whether or not one technique is more effective than other. Design: two arm parallel group randomized trial with blinded outcome assessment Settings and conduct: study will be conducted in Islam central hospital Sialkot. it will be double blinded study as the care giver and assessor will be unaware of treatment given Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1)Females from age 25 to 50 (2)Patients with confirmed clinical diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction (3)Patients presenting with acute pain from last four weeks in low back or Sacroiliac joint of iliac origin (4)Patients with the complain of hypomobility of sacroiliac joint. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: (1)Patients with vertebral bone pathology,radiculopathy,sciatica, recent fracture (2)Patients with history of recent surgery in lumbosacral or pelvic area (3)Pregnant women, or those who had recent infection (4)Females with history of osteoporosis or cancer Intervention groups: experimental group 1 will receive mobilization along with routine physical therapy experiental group 2 will receive manipulation along with routine physical therapy Main outcome variables: Pain Functional Disability

Study aim: To evaluate the effects of cervical manipulation on posture related cervicogenic headache. Design: single blind, parallel assigned, multi-centered, randomized clinical trials will be conducted on 36 participants (two groups with 18 participants each) with history of posture related cervicogenic headache. Settings and conduct: DHQ Gujranwala / Med care international hospital Gujranwala participant kept anonymous for conducting the single blind trial. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Male and female participants of age 20 to 40 years with primary complaint of headache. Frequency of at least once a week from minimum of last 3 months and Minimum Neck Disability Index (NDI) disability score of 20 % or greater. joint tenderness exhibited in at least one of the three upper cervical joints (C0-C3) on assessing through manual palpation, non-throbbing and non-lancinating pain of moderate to severe intensity were included into the study. Excluded Having any other primary headaches e.g. migraine or tension headaches, presence of contraindications to cervical spinal manipulation, metabolic diseases, infection, dislocation, osteoporosis, anticoagulant user, chronic corticosteroid user, previous 3 months history of head or neck surgery, previous history of a whiplash injury within six weeks, bilateral headaches, cervical spine stenosis bilateral upper limb symptoms, exhibiting “5 D’s” & “3 N’s” signs and positive and cervical instability tests were excluded from the study. Patient using analgesic drugs. Intervention groups: Group A:The baseline treatment will be 20 minutes of hot pack application and neck isometrics with additional treatment of cervical manipulation. Group B: only received baseline treatment 20 minutes of hot pack + neck isometrics will be performed. Main outcome variables: cervicogenic headache ( pain) Functional disability Quality of life

Study aim: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of ischemic compression and muscle energy technique on chronic shoulder pain and range of motion. Design: Single blind,Parallel assigned,multicentred, randomized clinical trial on 34 participants (With 17 participants in each) with the history of rotator cuff as assessed by pain and limited range of motion and randomization is being accomplished using simple random sampling by lottery method. Settings and conduct: District head quatar hospital faisalabad. Nustrat Abdul Rauf centre for enablement. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Both gender with age 25 to 45 years with shoulder pain from at least 3 months,pain and Jump sign which is distinguished by patient expression,at least 3 to 7 no. of pain on visual analogue scale,unilateral or bilateral pain, subjects must be able to raise the arm above head, MRI, showing any rotator cuff tear.patient test positive for Hawkins-Kennedy test and Empty can test, no radiographic signs of bone fracture were included. Subjects having a history of past surgery , trauma history , injection, having open wounds, skin or vascular disease and sensory disturbance on shoulder,patient taking any medication from 1 month, Patient having any radiculopathy or myelopathy and fibromyalgia, infection, bursitis, capsulitis, rheumatoid arthritis, tumor, or any systemic illness of shoulder and pregnancy were excluded. Intervention groups: Group A:The subjects will recieve Ultrsaonic at baseline and Muscle energy technique on bicep,supraspinatus,deltoid and infraspinatus. Group B:The subjects will recieve Ultrsaonic at baseline and Ischemic compression on bicep,supraspinatus,deltoid and infraspinatus. Main outcome variables: Pain Range of motion Shoulder pain and disability index

Study aim: To find out the effect of median and ulnar nerve neurodynamics to improve motor hand function in carpal tunnel syndrome patients Design: Single blinded, parallel assigned, multi center, randomized clinical trial that will be conducted on 30 participants with diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome. purposive sampling technique will be used and randomization would be done by sealed and identical slips of paper which will contain their group numbers. Settings and conduct: Allied hospital and district head quarter hospital Faisalabad. Participants will be kept anonymous for conducting single blinded trial. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: 30 to 50 years age both male and female patients, Work related and unilaterally diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome, Mild (only sensory symptoms pain, paresthesias and numbness) and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (motor weakness and symptoms) symptoms from less than one year, Without any conseravtive treatment before, Willing to participate will be included. Participants with pain due to severe carpal tunnel syndrome , Trauma to affected hand from last 12 months, Cervical radiculopathy, Brachial plexopathy, Previously use of any steroid injection, Current pregnancy ,Thorasic outlet syndrome, Inflammatory joint diseases, Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, Central nervous system disorder, Guyon tunnel syndrome, Neoplasm, Language and cognitive disorder patients, Drug abusers will be excluded. Intervention groups: Active control group A: Participants will first receive common treatment (ultrasound and tendon gliding exercises) then median nerve neurodynamics. Intervention group B: participants will receive common treatment then median nerve neurodynamics and ulnar nerve neurodynamics. Main outcome variables: Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire: symptoms severity and functional status scale and quick disabilities of arm shoulder and hand questionnaire