Study aim: To determine the effects of gluteus medius muscle strengthening and lumbar stabilization exercise in chronic nonspecific low back pain with gluteus medius weakness. Design: A concealed, randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial with a parallel-group design of 18 patients Settings and conduct: Subjects from Madina University and Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad will be considered. Subjects and assessors are blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion  Females  Age 18 to 35 years  Having non-specific LBP, defined as pain anywhere from the inferior rib margin to the gluteal fold, for more than 3 months  Less than four out of five gluteus medius muscle strength on manual muscle testing  Numeric Pain Rating score 5 points or higher  Low back pain disability indices 20% or higher Exclusion  A prior history of thoracolumbar or pelvis fracture  Thoracic, abdominal or lumbar spine surgery  Radiculopathy, neurogenic claudication  Primary or secondary spinal tumors  Pregnancy Intervention groups: Baseline treatment will be given to both groups with Infrared for 10 minutes. One group will receive Lumbar stabilization exercises and other group will receive gluteus medius strengthening protocol. Main outcome variables: The primary outcome will be self-reported pain. Secondary outcomes will be low back pain-related disability.

Study aim: The study objective is to investigate the effectiveness of LLRPw-mHeath on physical disability and exercise adherence among knee osteoarthritis patients who are overweight and obese. Design: A parallel group, single blinded randomized control trial. Sixty participants will be randomly divided into three groups by computer generated numbers. It is a single centered. Settings and conduct: Study will be conducted at the Teaching Bay of Rehmatul-Lil-Alameene Post Graduate Institute of Cardiology. Participants are blinded in this study. Afetr randomization only one group will be called for their intervention in order to secure the blinding process. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria Overweight and obese Knee OA patients; Both males and females; Aged between 45 to 60 years; Living in urban area of Punjab, Lahore. Non-inclusion criteria: Rheumatoid arthritis; Flat feet; Spinal deformities; Surgery or injections of knee/s of any cause; System lupus erythematosus (SLE). Intervention groups: Intervention group 1 (LLRPw-mHeath): The researcher will teach the lower limb rehabilitation protocol by using mHealth and instructions of daily care and will advice them to carry out three times a week for 12-weeks at their houses. The researcher will send the reminder with the mHealth in the form of periodic manual WhatsApp messages two times a day for three days a week for 12 weeks. Intervention group 2 (LLRPwo-mHealth): The researcher will teach the lower limb rehabilitation protocol and instructions of daily care and will advice them to carry out three times a week for 12-weeks at their houses. Control group: The researcher will teach the instructions of daily care to the control group keeping in mind the ethical consideration of patients. Main outcome variables: Physical disability; Exercise adherence

public school and its branches in Faisalabad, Pakistan and the study duration will be 12 months

Study aim: The purpose of this study is to assess and contrast how well Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching and joint mobilization can enhance joint mobility and quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Design: Randomised, superiority, parallel group trial with blinded outcome assessment on 48 participants. Randomisation was centralised and computerised with concealed randomisation sequence carried out at an external site Settings and conduct: A randomized, parallel-group, superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment. Participants (n=48) will be randomly assigned using a sealed envelope method into two intervention groups. This is a single-center study conducted at District Headquarter Hospital Bannu over a duration of four weeks. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION: Individuals aged between 40 to 75 years diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis based on clinical and radiographic criteria. Participants with a Kellgren-Lawrence grade II–III classification of knee OA. EXCLUSION: OA patients who have received intra articular injections. Those with neurological disorders affecting lower limb function. Intervention groups: Control Group (Joint Mobilization - Group B) Participants will receive Maitland joint mobilization (Grade III-IV), including anterior-posterior glides and patellar mobilization, to reduce stiffness and improve mobility. Sessions will be **three times per week for four weeks, progressing in intensity with weight-bearing mobilization. Experimental Group (PNF Stretching - Group A) Participants will undergo PNF stretching using the hold-relax technique for knee flexors and extensors, with progressive increases in hold duration and integration with functional movements. Sessions will be three times per week for four weeks. Both groups will have a 5–10 minute warm-up and cool-down in each session. Main outcome variables: Quality of life

, Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion

Study aim: The primary study aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of an integrative treatment approach combining eccentric exercises with curcumin-enhanced ultrasound therapy for the management of knee tendinopathy. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomised controlled trial. Total 90 patients will be enrolled. Patients who met our inclusion criteria randomised into two groups. Control group-A and treatment group-B Settings and conduct: At Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences Multan after getting approval from institutional ethical committee Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Participants between 18 to 60 years of age; patellar tendinopathy, confirmed by a qualified healthcare professional; chronic patellar tendinopathy symptoms for at least 3 months; moderate severity of symptoms; no active inflammatory conditions. Exclusion criteria: Individuals with acute (less than 3 months) patellar tendinopathy or other acute knee injuries; Participants with other significant knee conditions (e.g., patellofemoral pain syndrome, osteoarthritis, ligament injuries, or meniscal tears) that may confound the outcomes or interact with the treatments being tested; surgical interventions involving the patellar tendon or knee in the past 6 months; Individuals with uncontrolled systemic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, or severe cardiovascular or neurological conditions that could affect tendon healing or physical activity. Intervention groups: Control group: Curcumin-aloe vera gel + ultrasound + eccentric exercises. Intervention group: Placebo aloe vera gel + ultrasound + eccentric exercises. Main outcome variables: Pain, Knee ROM, Muscle strength ,Tendon thickness , Quality of life ,CRP, ESR and Tendon function

Study aim: The objective of this study is to check comparative effects of post isometric relaxation technique and mulligan traction straight leg raise technique along with retro walking on pain, hamstrings flexibility, quadriceps strength in knee osteoarthritis pain. To check effects of hamstrings flexibility and quadriceps strength on knee range of motion and functional activity in knee osteoarthritic patients Design: Parallel group, Randomised trial Settings and conduct: Settings: Madina Teaching Hospital FSD, Physio Fixx Physiotherapy center Faisal Hospital, FSD, Revive Healthcare Clinic, FSD, Sarfraz Healthcare Clinic, FSD, InMotion Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, FSD Participant, Care provider, investigator and outcome assessor will be blinded . Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Knee pain with crepitus sound, Radiographically finding Grade II-III, Both genders having age 40-60, Morning stiffness <30 minutes, tight Hamstrings muscles, NPRS score of 5 or greater than 5 Exclusion criteria: Any history of trauma to the knee ligament, pathology, recent surgery or any neurological impairment, severe valgus or varus deformity, active infection or inflammation, unwilling participants Intervention groups: Baseline treatment: moist heat on hamstrings muscles, quadriceps isometrics by foam roller before treatment and retro walking at maximum pace for 5 minutes after treatment will be given to both groups A and B. Group A (Post isometric relaxation technique) will be treated with baseline treatment and PIR Technique. Repetition 3 to 4 times per day; three sessions per week on alternative days. Group B (Mulligan Traction Straight Leg raise technique) will be treated with baseline treatment and TSLR technique. Repetition 3 to 4 times per day, three sessions per week on alternative days. Main outcome variables: Pain, Knee Range of Motion, Functional Activity and Cadence

Study aim: The aim to the study is to compare the effectiveness of fractionated resurfacing carbon dioxide LASER and topical methotrexate with topical PUVASOL in cases of vitiligo effecting less than 10% body surface area. Design: Two arm parallel group randomized control trial with blinded outcome assessment by a neutral assessor Settings and conduct: The trial will be conducted in dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.30 patients will be selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. They will be randomized into 2 groups of 15 by allocation concealed randomization in the form of selecting one of the 2 sealed envelopes. Patients and assessor will be blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Patients willing to participate in the study; of age group of 10 -70 years; Vitiligo involving less than or equal to 10% body surface area. Exclusion Criteria: Patients using or have used other treatments for vitiligo; Pregnant women or lactating women; segmental vitiligo; Patients on immunosuppressant medications; Patients having contraindication to methotrexate or PUVASOL. Intervention groups: For Group A, a 10,600-nm fractional carbon dioxide laser device will be used with a resurfacing mode followed by topical methotrexate application. 3 sessions will be done at 2weeks a part interval. Group B will be advised topical psoralen i.e. Methoxsalen .5% ointment is to be applied for 45 minutes on the vitiligous patch prior to sunlight exposure followed by photo exposure for 5 to 10 minutes. Patients will be examined monthly for 2 months. Main outcome variables: Clinical improvement: 1, < 25% minimal re-pigmentation; 2, 26–50% mild re-pigmentation; 3, 51–75% moderate re-pigmentation; 4, >75% excellent re-pigmentation. Patient satisfaction. 1. Unsatisfied, 2. Partially satisfied, 3. Completely satisfied.

Study aim: The study aims to evaluate the effects of gastrocnemius recession versus physiotherapy in chronic plantar fasciitis. Design: Parallel, 40 Sample size, Randomized Controlled Trial, single-blinded Settings and conduct: The trial will be conducted in the Physiotherapy Department of Punjab Social Security Health Management Company Hospital. Assessor will be completely blind to outcomes. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age 30-50 years individuals, Male and female both, Heel pain lasting > 3 months, Pain in the morning, Tenderness over medial plantar fascia insertion, Positive Silfverskiöld test Exclusion Criteria: Degenerative arthritis of the hindfoot joints, Systemic joint disease, Previous injury or surgery to the foot or ankle, Inoperable due to comorbidity Intervention groups: Group A. PHYSICAL THERAPY PHONOPHORESIS, STRETCHING, and MANUAL THERAPY were done on alternate days for 4 weeks. The calf muscle and/or plantar fascia–specific stretching will be used to provide pain relief and improvement in calf muscle flexibility 3 times a day (3 minutes) stretching time, for three months in-home plan. Group B. GASTROCNEMIUS RECESSION Patients randomized to surgery will be operated on with a proximal medial gastrocnemius recession (PMGR) as described by Barouk. Patients were instructed to continue the stretching exercises and fully weight-bear from the first postoperative day. If needed, the patients were allowed to use crutches during the first 2 weeks after surgery. Main outcome variables: numeric rating scale, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)Activities of Daily Living Subscale, ankle hindfoot scale, The Short Form–36 (SF-36)

Study aim: To find the effects of diaphragmatic stretch with and without rib cage mobilization on chest expansion, dyspnea and pulmonary function test in COPD patients. Design: 36 participants will be recruited. Two parallel groups, double blinded, randomized controlled trial with pre and post assessment. Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in Pulmonology ward at Shalamar hospital Lahore. Participants and outcome assessor will be blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Age group of 35-55 years • Both male and female • At least history of COPD from 1 year • Decrease FEV1/FEV ratio • History of smoking.(11) Exclusion Criteria: • Acute exacerbations of COPD • COPD diagnosed at severe stage • Patients with comorbidities • Patients with other life- threatening conditions • Patients who are vitally unstable. Intervention groups: Diaphragmatic stretch with and without rib cage mobilization. Diaphragmatic Stretch Technique with Rib Cage Mobilization: Group A will be treated with diaphragmatic stretch technique with rib cage mobilization. This treatment duration will be 10 minutes, once a day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks. Diaphragmatic Stretch Technique: Group B will be treated by diaphragmatic stretch technique only. This treatment duration will be 20 minutes, once a day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks. Main outcome variables: Dyspnea using Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, Chest expansion using Measuring Tape, Pulmonary Function Test using Portable Spirometer.

Study aim: To compare the effects of whole-body vibration along with plyometric on agility,lower extremity function and gait in footballers Design: single-blinded Randomized control trial with 2 groups. A total of 30 participants will be recruited from a single center. The sample size was calculated using Gpower version 3.1.9.7. sealed enevelop method will be used to randomzied the participants in two euqal groups (as per the description of Randomization). Settings and conduct: would be condcuted in Young star football club Phalia . it would be sinlgle blinded study with assessor is blind, thecare provider wil not be blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: male Footballers with regular training from last 2 years with Age 18- 27 years would be included participant with Lower limb injury past six months, History of no chronic illness,Recent fracture, Cardiopulmonary issues would be excluded Intervention groups: Group A Whole body vibration therapy and plyometric group B plyometric training only Main outcome variables: Lower Extremity Function Agility Gait Kinematics: (walking speed, step length)

: Multicentric. Pakistan. Retina clinic of a tertiary care dedicated eye care setup. The person assessing the

Study aim: To find out comparative effect of Buteyko Breathing Technique and Lotorp Method among COPD patients Design: 40 participants will be recruited. Two parallel groups, double blinded, randomized clinical trial with pre and post assessment. Settings and conduct: Pulmonary Ward Gulab Devi Educational Complex Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria Patients between age group of 40-65 years. Patients of both genders. Patients with mild or moderate COPD according to the GOLD criteria Exclusion Criteria: Patients with restrictive lung disease. Patients with any infection. Patients having uncontrolled asthma. Pregnant women. Risk of pneumothorax Low resting oxygen saturation(13) Unstable conditions, active infections and neurological condition Patients who cannot comply this technique Intervention groups: Group A: It will be treated by Buteyko Breathing Technique Group B: It will be treated with Lotorp Method Main outcome variables: Dyspnea measured using Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale, Chest Expansion measured using Measuring tape, Pulmonary Function Tests using Diagnostic Spirometer and St George Respiratory Questionnaire

Study aim: To determine Combined Effects of diaphragmatic breathing and Thoracic Kinesio Taping on Pulmonary functions, dyspnea, Thoracoabdominal mobility and quality of life in mild to moderate COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients . Design: Two parallel group ,single blinded ,Randomized Controlled Trial with pre and post assessment Settings and conduct: Pulmonology ward : Ittefaq hospital Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: ●Mild to moderate level COPD patients ●Both male and female gender ●Age between 40-60 years ●Vitally stable patient ●Individuals with no prior experience with thoracic Kinesio taping Exclusion Criteria: ● Participants with unstable medical conditions (e.g., cardiovascular instability) ● Individuals with cognitive impairments ●Pregnant women ● Participants with known allergies to tape ● Participants with known respiratory conditions other than COPD ● Diabetic patients Intervention groups: Thoracic Kinesio Taping along with diaphragmatic breathing Main outcome variables: • Dyspnea 12 Questionnaire will be used to assess change in Dyspnea • Digital Spirometer will be used to assess Pulmonary functions changes • St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD pauients (SGRQ-C) will be used to assess quality of life

Rangoonwala Trust, Karachi, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: participant of age 60

Study aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of progressive resistance strengthening training on body mass index, quality of life and functional capacity in the overweight and obese knee osteoarthritis patients. Design: Study will be single-blinded randomized controlled design Settings and conduct: Study will be conducted at the Teaching Bay of Rehmatul-Lil-Alameen Postgraduate institute of cardiology, Punjab Employees Social Security Institution. The principle investigator will not be blinded. The participants receiving the intervention will be blinded by simply not informing them of their treatment allocation. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria will be: (1) Overweight and obese knee osteoarthritis patients having osteoarthritis of one or both knees (2) Osteoarthritis grading scale of 2-mild or 3-moderate according to Kellgren and Lawrence radiographic scale (3) Symptoms of osteoarthritis for more than three months (5) Residing in the Urban community of Lahore . Exclusion criteria will be one or more of the following: (1) Flat feet (2) Knee surgery (3) Corticosteroid injection of knee (4) Spinal deformities (5) Cardiac problem or (6) Hormonal problem Intervention groups: Intervention groups will be Rehabilitation Protocol Group and the Control Group. The patients in the Rehabilitation Protocol Group will perform the progressive resistance strengthening training in non-weight bearing sitting and lying positions following the instructions of daily care for duration of 12-weeks. The patients in the Control Group will follow the instructions of daily care for duration of 12-weeks. Main outcome variables: Primary outcome measures will be body mass index and quality of life. Secondary outcome measure will be the functional capacity.

Study aim: To investigate whether controlled decompression therapy reduces the incidence of comorbidities and enhances recovery in traumatic brain injury patients Design: A two arm parallel group randomised trial with blinded postoperative care and outcome assessment on a total sample of 52 participants. Settings and conduct: The study was conducted at the neurosurgery unit, Afridi Medical Complex. Patients with elevated ICP underwent therapeutic hypothermia for 7–10 days. ICP was regularly checked with an ICP sensor, which was normally taken out around a week following surgery. Every two hours, the ICP and vital signs were monitored and noted. If the patients were stable at 1, 24, and 72 hours following the procedure, the cranial CT data were routinely evaluated. The outcome assessor during the process will be blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Patients with TBI between the ages of 18 and 75 who gave informed permission and had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between 3 and 8 at admission were eligible. Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria included the following: initial need for bilateral craniotomy; preoperative GCS score of 3 with no improvement after treatment in the emergency room; presentation without attenuated respiration Intervention groups: Experimental group: Standard surgical techniques were used to achieve a rapid craniotomy. The fast removal of the hematoma and brain contusion tissue was the main objective of the procedure. Control Group: The best option was a brain tissue monitor, followed by a ventricular intracranial pressure monitor. The dura was completely opened, and the hematoma or brain contusion tissue was then removed when the ICP was less than 10 mmHg and there were no visible evidence of bulging brain tissue. Main outcome variables: The Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE)

Study aim: The aim of this study is to check the combined effects of inspiratory muscle training and expiratory muscle training through the breather device vs diaphragmatic breathing on the pulmonary function and severity of the disease in patients with pneumonia Design: parallel group, randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: research will be conducted in Gulab Devi Chest Hospital Lahore in which subjects will be randomly allocated to both group through lottery method Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Adults aged 35-55 years • Both gender male and female • Patients having stage 2 to 4 according to pneumonia severity index • Participants willing to be the part of the research Exclusion Criteria • Participant with acute heart disease (Heart Failure) and acute coronary artery disease • Participants with other respiratory condition (Asthma, COPD) • Participants with the diseases leading to the impairment of respiratory muscle (Mysthenia Gravis) Intervention groups: Intervention Group (IMT and EMT combined through the breather device) 3d/week for upto 3 weeks through the breather device by starting with 15% maximum inspiratory and expiratory resistance. At the starting of intervention Pt will perform 5-6 diaphragmatic breathing in upright position. The patient will be asked to inhale deeply and then hold for 2-3 second and breathe out through the device with the 3 sets with each set including 8 repetitions of IMT and 8 repetitions of EMT in same cycle with diaphragmatic breathing between each set. Control group (Diaphragmatic breathing) The group B will be the control group that will receive baseline treatment of diaphragmatic breathing alone. Main outcome variables: Pulmonary function and severity of Pneumonia

Study aim: To compare the effects of Gong’s Mobilization and Mobilization with Movement on pain, range of motion and functional disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Design: This study will be a Randomized Clinical Trial, parallel-group, triple blinded Settings and conduct: The trial would be conducted in Allied Hospital Faisalabad. It would be triple blinded, as the patients, assessor and the analyzer would be blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA • Male & female patients • Age group 40 to 60 years • Subjects clinically diagnosed with grade 2 adhesive capsulitis. • Painful and limited active and passive glenohumeral ROM >25% in a capsular pattern • Pain in the shoulder for at least 3 months. EXCLUSION CRITERIA • History of surgery on affected shoulder. • History of fracture around shoulder complex. • History of pain or disorders of the cervical spine, elbow, wrist, or hand. • History of any other pathological conditions involving the shoulder History of neurological deficits limiting shoulder during activities of daily living Intervention groups: Group A will be given Gongs Mobilization along with ultrasonic therapy. Group B will be given Mobilization with Movement technique along with ultrasonic therapy. For common treatment, both the groups will receive Ultrasound with a dosage of 1 MHz in frequency, at continuous mode and 1.5 W/ cm2 of intensity for 10 minutes of treatment. Codman Pendulum Exercise will be taught as home plan for both groups as a common treatment.Total intervention protocol will be given for four weeks of duration, 3 sessions per week with total 12 sessions. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at the end of 2 week (6th session) and at the end of 4th week (12th session) Main outcome variables: Pain Disability Range of Motion

Study aim: To determine the comparative effects of strain counterstain and post-isometric relaxation techniques on pain, range of motion and functional disability in patients with upper cross syndrome. Design: This study will be Randomized Clinical Trial, parallel-group, triple blinded Settings and conduct: The Trial would be conducted in District Headquarters DHQ Hospital OKARA City Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: inclusion criteria ⦁ Individuals with chronic neck pain from > 6 weeks ⦁ Both male and female gender ⦁ Age from 20-40 years ⦁ Neck Pain on > 3 on numerical pain rating scale ⦁ Individuals diagnosed with craniovertebral angle less than 50cm ⦁ Occiput to wall distance greater then 2cm exclusion criteria ⦁ Subjects who will have signs of recent surgery ⦁ Whiplash injury or open wounds ⦁ Cervical spine pathologies like radiculopathies disc herniation, spondylolisthesis, sensory changes in neck region ⦁ Any neurological defect Intervention groups: Group A will receive strain counterstain technique; the position of ease will be produced through positioning the muscle in relaxed/ shortened position, ease will be defined as where a reduction in pain at least 70% then, pressure is applied to Trp and it will be held for 90-120 seconds with 3-5 repetitions per treatment session ( three session per week for 3 weeks). Group B will receive post-isometric relaxation technique with 3-5 muscle contraction at sub maximal pain-free effort (20% of available strength) with 5-7 seconds for 5 repetitions per treatment session (three sessions per week for 3 weeks). Main outcome variables: Pain; Range of motion; Functional disability

Study aim: To determine the effects of Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides with and without thoracic postural correction techniques on mechanical neck pain Design: The study design will be a Randomized Controlled Trial with a parallel group design of 28 patients. Settings and conduct: The study setting will be International Therapy Services ITS Clinic, Lahore. The sample would be taken by using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Individuals having localized pain or stiffness in the spine or both combined b/w C3 to C7 without upper limbs radiculopathy • Patients with chronic neck pain >3 months • Pain reported on NPRS score ˃3 in the neck region with a limited or painful range Exclusion Criteria: • Tuberculosis, carcinoma, heart disease, osteoporosis. • Neural disorders • Any trauma or localized infection in the neck region, cervical stenosis, metabolic diseases in bone and joint. • Hyper flexibility • Open sores • Ongoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy, steroid therapy, or anticoagulants. • Allergy to hot pack • Patients with a history of surgery in the cervical spine region within a year Intervention groups: Group A will receive combination of a sustained facet glide with movement applied at the facet joints between cervical C3 to C7. Group B will receive sustained natural apophyseal glides same as group A along thoracic postural correction technique. Thoracic postural correction technique includes active as well as therapist-facilitated stretches. Main outcome variables: Pain, Range of Motion and Disability

Study aim: Aim of this study will be to determine the effects of Mulligan Mobilization with movement and concentric eccentric exercises on Pain, ROM, Functional Disability in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Design: Parallel group randomized clinical trial and Randomization will be achieved through computer generated random number table. Settings and conduct: Prime Care Hospital Faisalabad. It will be assessor who will be blinded about the type of intervention. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age: 25- 55 years, Gender: Both male and female, Patients who have pain for at least 3 month or more duration, Tenderness on palpation over the lateral epicondyle of humerus, Participants with positive cozen test. Exclusion criteria: Dysfunction in the shoulder, neck and thoracic region , Cervical radiculopathy, Corticosteroid injection within 3 months, Participants who had received any conservative treatment in the 4 weeks before entering the study, Previous surgery to the elbow region, Any fracture to the elbow, Soft tissue injury to the elbow region. Intervention groups: Intervention group A will receive Mulligan mobilization with movement after conservative treatment. Conservative treatment will be given in form of ultrasound and Tens followed by Mobilization technique for total 36 times, 12 repetitions with short period of rest. Duration of session will be 35 to 45 mints, 3 times a week ,12 sessions over 4 weeks. Intervention group B will receive eccentric-concentric exercise after the conservative treatment. Conservative treatment will be given in form of ultrasound and followed by Eccentric-concentric exercise for 3 set of 15 repetitions with rest period of 1 min in between sets. Duration of session will be 35 to 45 mints, 3 times a week ,12 sessions over 4 weeks Main outcome variables: Pain Range of motion Functional disability

conduct: Outpatient Physical Therapy Department of Safi Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. It will be

Study aim: To evaluate clinical efficacy of Dapagliflozin in association with genetic polymorphism and its plasma levels in patients with CHFrEF in Pakistani population Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Settings and conduct: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: 1) INCLUSION CRITERIA Pakistani patients of 18 years and above, males and females Diagnosed symptomatic heart failure (NYHA class 1–IV) Ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40% on imaging study within last 12 months prior to enrolment Patient on stable GDMT of heart failure for ≥4 weeks Both diabetic and non-diabetic patients 2) EXCLUSION CRITERIA Type-1 diabetics or patients having any history of DKA Patients having eGFR ≤ 25 ml/ min/ 1.73 m2 as per (CKD-EPI formula), systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 95 mmHg Patients having MI, unstable angina, stroke, acute heart failure (HF) or any hospitalization due to acute HF <4 weeks preceding enrolment Patients undergoing PCI /CABG or valvular replacement, any previous transplantation of heart or infixing of ventricular assistance device (VAD), implantation of Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) within 3 months preceding enrolment or any plan to undergo after randomization Intervention groups: Include Dapagliflozin in addition to GDMT. Main outcome variables: BIOCHEMICAL TESTS: Serum uric acid and creatinine,Urine R/E and P/C ratio,HbA1c at day 0 and after intervention at 12th week. Echocardiography & eGFR will be calculated at day 0 and 12th week. Plasma levels of Dapagliflozin will be determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Improvement in symptoms and QoL will be ascertained by KCCQ questionnaire & NYHA classification.

Study aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ACBT exercises on airway clearance in COVID-19 patients and to fill the research gap for both studies that will help patients in future to deal with post COVID complications more conveniently with cost effective procedures. Design: 100 covid-19 patients from both ICU and indoor were taken. ACBT treatment was applied. No placebo effect was used. Non randomized, no biasness and not blinded. Settings and conduct: study was conducted in ICU and indoor wards of different hospitals with proper use of PPE-protective personal equipment's. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Patients having the age range from 30-60 were selected. Patients who were admitted to ICU or COVID indoor patients were included. Patients who were conscious were selected for this study. Exclusion criteria: Individuals below age 30, without COVID or with other comorbidities were prohibited from our review. Patients with decreased awareness and conscious level were not included in the assortment criteria. Patients admitted to CCU were excluded Intervention groups: A total of 100 patients were recruited including both males and females. They were taken for the application of active cycles of breathing techniques in different Indoors and ICU units from multiple hospitals in Lahore city. Prior to exercise subjects were evaluated with the help of a standardized questionnaire i.e. Interventions Evaluation on COVID-19 patients-Questionnaire. After getting the active cycles of breathing techniques patients were again evaluated with the Interventions Evaluation on COVID-19 patients-Questionnaire. All registered subjects were informed of the study protocol. Main outcome variables: Oxygen saturation, Breathing rate, Forced expiratory volume, Body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure were important variables because they fluctuate differently in both gender