Study aim: To compare the effectiveness of functional progressive resistance exercise and eccentric muscle control on muscle strength, dynamic balance, functional ability and muscle tone in children with spastic paraplegia. Design: Parallel group randomized clinical trial and Randomization will be achieved through computer generated random allocation software. Settings and conduct: Syeda Khatoon-e-Jannat Trust Hospital and Special Education Centre, and Tanzeem-al-Lissan It will be assessor who will be blinded about the type of intervention. Treatment will be given by principal investigator. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age: 6-13 years old, Gender: both male and female children, Children who follow the verbal instructions of the therapist, GMFCS between I and III, Male children having BMI range of 13.0-20.8, Female children havingBMI range of 12.7-21.8. Exclusion criteria: Surgical procedures on hamstrings or bilateral lengthening of triceps surae. Fixed deformity of lower limb, Visual or auditory impairments. Intervention groups: Intervention group A: They will receive conventional physical therapy and functional progressive resistance exercises, which consist of sit-to-stand, half-kneeling standing, and side step-up exercises for 1-3 sets of 8–12 repetitions for 30 minutes. Exercises, repetitions, and weight will be gradually increased. Intervention group B: They will receive conventional physical therapy and eccentric muscle control exercises, which consist of stand-to-sit, standing and shifting weight anteriorly, sitting and returning to rock lying, and standing and kicking a large ball exercise for 10 sets, and each exercise will be performed five times for 30-minutes. The treatment duration for both groups will consist of three sessions per week for six weeks. Main outcome variables: Muscle Strength, Dynamic Balance, Functional Ability and Muscle Tone

single-centered trial was conducted in Mega NADRA office in Gujranwala, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion

,department of Physical therapy ferozpur road Lahore Pakistan. Baseline pre-treatment measurements will be

Study aim: To evaluate the effects of neck acupressure with and without stretching on perceived stress related sub-acute neck pain and to evaluate the effects of neck acupressure on disability, perceived stress and range of motion of the neck. Design: Single blinded, parallel assigned, multi-centred, randomised clinical trial, quantitative study,sample size 48(2 groups each with 24 participants) with perceived stress related sub-acute neck pain assessed by pain and stress,Simple random sampling technique Settings and conduct: This study was conducted at physiotherapy department of Chatha Hospital Jaranwala. The study was completed in 4 months that included,collection and analysis of data. Participants were kept anonymous or conducted in single blind trial Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Included participants:Middle aged male and female participants,moderate score perceived stress scale score (14 or greater),with neck pain history of >30 days,complain of neck pain > 30mm on VAS,non-radiating neck pain and not undergoing psychiatry treatment ExcludedParticipants:with any diagnosed musculoskeletal disorder,Pregnant females, or participants suffering from cancer,undergone surgery in past 3 months,with neck pain history of chronic,HIV disorders, swelling, skin issues,high blood pressure,any wound or contagious disease at the acupressure points,any neurological disorder,any vascular disorders and any infectious disease were excluded from study. Intervention groups: participants were enrolled into 2 equal treatment groups, Group A (acupressure with stretching group) and Group B (acupressure alone group). Both groups with neck isometrics as baseline treatment Main outcome variables: Primary Outcome Measure The cervical pain was assessed by VAS Secondary Outcome Measure The cervical disability was measured by using the Neck Disability index and the range of motion was measured by goniometer

Study aim: The study investigate the of Comparative effects of roods ontogenic motor patterns and swiss ball stabilization exercises on primitive reflexes in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy children. Design: Randomized Clinical trial , Single Blinded, Parallel group Settings and conduct: The Children Hospital & Institute of child health Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Children aged 3-10 years with a confirmed diagnosis of spastic diplegia and persistent primitive reflexes (Moro, ATNR, STNR, or Tonic Labyrinthine) are included. They must perform voluntary movements with minimal assistance, be at least 6 months post-surgery, have a stable medical regimen, follow verbal commands, and fall within GMFS levels II-IV and a Modified Ashworth Scale score of 0-2. Parental consent is required. Exclusions include cognitive impairments preventing participation, additional neurological conditions (epilepsy, severe autism), fixed contractures, recent Botox or surgery (within 6 months), uncontrolled seizures, uncooperative behavior, visual, intellectual, or hearing impairments, and other CP types or conditions affecting exercise tolerance. Intervention groups: For Group A, functional electrical stimulation (FES) was applied as a baseline treatment, followed by Rood’s Ontogenic Motor Patterns using inhibitory techniques. In Group B, FES was also administered as the baseline treatment, followed by Swiss ball stabilization exercises. Screening for primitive reflexes was conducted in both groups. Main outcome variables: Primitive Reflexes chart

Study aim: To determine the effects of core strengthening exercises with and without proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on balance, coordination and mobility in post stroke hemiplegic patients Design: Two arm parallel group randomised trail with single blinded outcome assessment. Settings and conduct: This study was e a single blinded study in which assessor was kept blinded.Department of Physical Therapy, The university of lahore teaching hospital Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Aged between 40-65 years • Both Male and females • Stroke Onset ≥3 months • Ambulatory with and without aid • Patients with berge balance scale score less than 45 Exclusion Criteria: • Patients with Cardiopulmonary disease • Patients with any type of orthopedic injury • Patients with visual and vestibular dysfunction • Patients who struggle to follow exercise instructions Intervention groups: Two groups of thirty-one stroke patients, ages forty to sixty-five, were chosen at random. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was applied with core strengthening exercises among Group A and only proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation were applied among Group B. Main outcome variables: 1.Balance (Berg Balance Scale) 2. Mobility (Barthel Index) 3. Coordination (Trunk Impairment Scale)

Study aim: The study investigate the of Comparative effects of roods ontogenic motor patterns and swiss ball stabilization exercises on trunk control, balance, motor skill and primitive reflexes in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy children. Design: Randomized Clinical trial , Single Blinded, Parallel group Settings and conduct: The Children Hospital & Institute of child health Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: • Child age with 3-10 years. • Both gender male and female. • Child able to follow verbal command. • Children with GMFS level (II, III, IV) • Children with Modified Ashworth scale (0-2) • Pediatric balance scale more than 20 score • Children who were uncooperative • Children who have visual and intellectual impairments • Use of anti-epileptic & anti-spasticity medications • CP include (Hemiplegic CP, Quadriplegic CP, Ataxic CP, Athetoid CP, Mixed CP, Hypotonic CP) • With any Hearing deficit • Sensory loss • Tumors • Children with severe mental abnormality • Any cardiac anomalies affecting exercise tolerance • Less than 4 months after undergoing orthopedic surgery • Usage of botulism toxins Injections • With any bony Malalignment • Contractures Intervention groups: Baseline Treatment with Functional Electrical Stimulation Group A Functional electrical stimulation before the treatment was done as a baseline treatment. Then, the Roods Ontogenic Motor patterns through inhibitory approaches were applied. Group B As a baseline treatment functional electrical stimulation was done. Then the Swiss ball stabilization exercises were applied. Swiss Ball Stabilization Exercises Main outcome variables: The Trunk Control Gross Motor Function Scale-88 Pediatric Berg Balance Scale Primitive Reflexes

& National hospital and Medical Centre Lahore Pakistan. Participant Blinding Researcher/Healthcare Provider

Study aim: To compare the effects of Carpal Bone mobilization with and without neurodynamic technique in chronic carpal tunnel syndrome patients Design: A randomized, single blinded, clinical trial with a parallel group design of 112 patients (divided into two groups), were selected from Physical therapy department of University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, and followed for six weeks. Settings and conduct: The data will be collected from the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. The study population will be consisted of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups Group A (Carpal Bones Mobilization with Neurodynamic technique) and Group B (Carpal Bones Mobilization without Neurodynamic technique). Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria will be bth gender who aged between 30-60 years with Positive Tinnel sign and reporting a Numeric Pain Rating Scale score between 4 and 7cm Exclusion Criteria will be patients with systemic pathology (i.e Hypothyroidism) , inflammatory disorder (i.e Rheumatoid arthritis) , Patients with Cervical radiculopathy , Patients with any deformity in hand or wrist , Patients who have undergone carpal tunnel treatment within the past 3 months and Pregnant Intervention groups: Experimental Group A will receive Carpal Bone Mobilization with neurodynamic Technique. The CBMT will be performed in 3 sets with 30 repetitions in each set, keeping a one minute gap between sets. The ND Technique will be performed in 2 sets of 5 minutes each with 1-minute rest between sets. It will be performed three times per week for six weeks consecutively. In Experimental Group B participants will receive Carpal Bone Mobilization without neurodynamic Technique Before apply mobilization routine physical therapy consist of heat therapy for 15 minutes will be applied. Main outcome variables: Pain Functional Status Range of Motion

Study aim: Primary purpose of this research to investigate the effects of the McConnell taping on pain and gait parameters with patello-femoral pain syndrome To investigate the effects of the Kinesio taping on pain and gait parameters with patello-femoral pain syndrome To compare the effects of the Kinesio taping and the McConnell taping on pain and gait parameters with the patello-femoral pain syndrome such pain, activities, gait parameters, and cadence. Design: Randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: Study 'll be conduct in Allied Hospital, District HQ Hospital, Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA Age 20-40 Persons those are experiencing the knee pain anteriorly Pain at worst once, within the last three months in two or more movements throughout prolonged squatting, sitting, stair climbing, kneeling, running, and jumping Unilateral(one sided) PFPS BMI 20 to 32 kg Patellar apprehension test EXCLUSION CRITERIA History of subluxation moreover dislocation of the patella Surgery of Lower extremity (LE) within the last year Due to damage of neurological damage, Sensory or motor paralysis On anterior knee pain scale, score of 80 or high Meniscal injury Osteoarthritis of Knee joint old fractures in the knee region with or without internal fixation tendon pathology of patella Any deformities of lower limb Pain is referred from the area of spine Intervention groups: Both group MT group and KT group will receive McConnell taping & Kinesio taping with baseline treatment stretching, strengthening as well as patellar mobilizatio Main outcome variables: pan, activities, gait parameters and cadence

Study aim: To compare the effects of active and positional release technique on pain, range of motion and functional disability in cervicogenic headache patient. Design: Two arm parallel group randomized trial with blinded 4th week follow up and outcome assessment with sample size of 68 Settings and conduct: Tehsil Head Quarter hospital Shakargarh Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Aged between 20-50 years • Both Male and females • Individuals diagnosed with neck pain accompanied by cervicogenic headaches • Patients experiencing unilateral pain due to cervicogenic headaches • Individuals suffering from cervicogenic headaches characterized by restricted cervical range of motion Exclusion Criteria: • History of tension type headache • History of trauma to the cervical • History of Vertebrobasilar insufficiency • History of Malignancy in the cervical area • History of operative procedure done in the cervical region Intervention groups: Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups (Group A: Active Release Technique, Group B: Positional release technique). The participants of group A will be given instructions on how to carry out each exercise properly, by the Kibler squeeze to perform active release technique. The participants randomly allocated in Group B will be received the Positional release technique. in side-lying position on unaffected side. Create a score of 10 by lightly pinching or squeezing the point. Then, try changing the subject's arm posture by raising it over their heads to relax the Sternocleidomastoid muscle that are tracing, or by bending their necks so they are facing the uncomfortable side while lying on a thick cushion. For 90 seconds, this position will be retained. The subject will be returned to its original position after being released. Main outcome variables: Pain؛ Function؛ Range of Motion

will be conducted across four major maternity hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, namely Jinnah Post

Study aim: This study aim to determine the combined effect of Active cycle Breathing Technique with Respiratory Muscle Stretching on dyspnea related kinesiophobia in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Design: The design of this study is Randomized, parallel Clinical Trial. Randomization is done by lottery method. In this method, the researcher gives each participant of the trial a number. Researchers draw numbers from the box randomly to allocate participants in two groups Settings and conduct: This study is conducted at Arif memorial teaching hospital and Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. In this trial participants are blinded through concealment to avoid biasness Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe COPD clinical stability (no changes in medication during the last month), no supplemental O2 dependence Exclusion criteria: Presence of comorbidities affecting ambulation/activity (e.g., severe cardiac or neurological disorders, cancer, musculoskeletal problems) history of cognitive disorders Intervention groups: Group A: Active Cycle Breathing Exercise Group B: Active Cycle Breathing Exercise + Respiratory Stretching Exercise (Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Upper Trapezius, Scalene, Sternocleidomastoid, Intercostal and anterior serratus) Main outcome variables: • Tampa Scale (Kinesiophobia) To evaluate kinesiophobia, the Tampa Scale (Kinesiophobia) is used, which consist of 17 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale: “strongly disagree (1 point),” “disagree (2 points),” “agree (3 points),” and “strongly agree (4 points).” For questions 4, 8, 12, and 16, the scores are reversed. Total scores range from 17 to 68 points, with higher scores indicating a stronger degree of Kinesiophobia. TSK’s internal consistency, retest reliability, and validity have already been confirmed.

Study aim: -To determine role of both treatment techniques to improve Global Functional Performance. -To determine the comparative balance improvement among the participants of both groups. -To determine the efficacy of the treatment techniques to improve functions of both upper and lower limb. Secondary Objective: -To assess the “Quality of Life” among participants of both groups. Design: Randomized Control Trial (RCT) Double blind study. Study groups: U-LIFT and HABIT-ILE . Phase: N.A Sample size:30, Randomization: Simple random sampling technique is used by sealed envelop method. The study is double blinded as participants/caregivers and outcome assessors are blinded. Study center: Multi study centers. Settings and conduct: The Children Complex Multan and CMH, Multan. All caregivers will be informed about the study and will sign written informed consent before interventions. Simple random sampling technique will be used by sealed envelop method. Study is double blinded as participants/caregivers and outcome assessors are blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: •Diagnosed hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy •Age 5-18 •Gross Motor Function Classification System score II-III • Manual Ability Classification System score II-IV •Ability to follow any 2-step instruction. Exclusion Criteria: •Cognitive Delay •Modified Ashworth score greater than 3 •Uncontrolled epilepsy •Any recent orthopedic surgery •Botulinum toxin injections within last 6 months •Visual or auditory impairments •Open wounds Intervention groups: There are 2 interventional groups; Group A and B. Group A :Upper-Lower Extremity Functional Training (U-LIFT) group; Group B: Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Training- Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) group. Main outcome variables: • ACTIVLIM-CP (Activity Limitations for Patients with Cerebral Palsy) • 1-Min Walk test • Pediatric Balance Scale • The Box and Block Test .

Study aim: My study aim is to assess the effectiveness of Graston technique with taping on the treatment of chronic plantar heel pain, foot function and foot health related quality of life of chronic plantar fasciitis patients. Design: Randomized, parallel groups, single blinded, randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: Medina Teaching Hospital, participants will be blinded so that they can not know either they will be in intervention group or in control group Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria  Patients will be diagnose with chronic plantar fasciitis and Pain started before more than 6 weeks and less than 6 months  Both gender age of 20 to 45 years were included  Pain on first steps of walking out of bed in the morning or after prolonged standing, or sitting  Pain located at the anterio- medial surface of heel or mid-foot and presence of an everted calcaneus greater than or equal to 2 Exclusion criteria No Previous history of severe vascular disease, cancer, joint disease, neurological disorders related to lower limb of affected side and pathological calcaneal spur  Ankle and foot fracture or surgery before 6 months and stress fracture before 8 months  Plantar having fascia release surgery done within 3 month back  Diabetics and altered skin sensation or foot dermal conditions  Who are already taking physical therapy treatment or any other treatment during 30 days of participation  Pregnant female  Who refuse to participate in the study Intervention groups: There will be one treatment group and one control group. 30 participants will include by randomization into treatment group and control group. 15 individuals will include into the treatment group which will GT group, 15 individuals will include into the control group which will control group randomly. Main outcome variables: plantar heel pain, Foot function and General foot health

Study aim: To explore effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in addition to routine physical therapy on pain, range of motion and postural alignment in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. Design: Parallel, 58 Sample size, Randomized Controlled Trial, single blinded Settings and conduct: Trial will be conducted in Physiotherapy department of Punjab Social Security Health Management Company Hospital. Assessor will be completely blind about outcomes. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age 20-50 year individuals, Having temporomandibular joint disorders with abnormal neck alignment, Pre-diagnosed patients referred by dentist and orthotics. Exclusion criteria: Systemic or local pathology like infectious or vascular disease of orofacial region Patient using another form of treatment for temporomandibular disorders Patient using functional appliances H/o frequent open dislocation Cervical radiculopathies Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint peripheral nerve injury Intervention groups: Group A (control) will follow routine physiotherapy (icing\ ultrasound\TENS and stretching\strengthening) and group B (intervention) will follow proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) program with routine physiotherapy. Both groups will follow 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks and home exercises for 2 weeks. Pain, Range of motion and Postural assessment will be conducted on 1st, 6th and 12th week.The PNF program will compose of a total of 8 therapeutic exercises. Contract relax, Combination of isotonic, Stabilizing reversals, and Rhythmic stabilization techniques will be used for elongation of upper cervical extensors, strengthening of infra-hyoid muscles, Increase stability and mobility of mandible in corrected posture of neck. Main outcome variables: Pain , Range of motion, Impairment of body structure and body function test.

Study aim: Primary aim of this study is to evaluate kinesio taping (KT) in addition to routine physical therapy (RPT) on balance, gait and quality in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Secondary aim, evaluate effectiveness of KT on motor symptoms, freezing of gait and activities of daily livings in PD. This study also investigate the immediate effects of KT on balance and gait in PD patients. Design: Parallel group, double blind, randomized controlled trial, enrolled between March 2019 and July 2019, and followed for 3 months Settings and conduct: University Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, University of Lahore. Participant, outcome assessor and data analyser blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Patients are eligible if they had diagnosis of PD according to UK Brain Bank criteria, modified Hoehn & Yahr Stage 2.5-3, MDS-UPDRS III subscore for “gait” and “postural stability” is ≥ 1. Stable dose of levodopa for last 4 weeks. They are excluded if they score Mini Mental State Examination < 24/30. Patient had deep brain stimulation surgery. Fixed vertebral deformities. Have severe cardiovascular or pulmonary problems. Intervention groups: In RPT, stretching, strengthening exercises, balance exercises; aerobic exercises, treadmill training were also given. In intervention group KT along with RPT given. KT was applied in a tailored manner for each patient, on two regions, back and leg. On back, 2 strips were applied along the dorsal lumbar spinal tract between the T1 and L5 vertebrae spinous processes, bilaterally. While adding 1 other vertical strip on the lumbar region (quadratus lumborum muscle) opposite to the flexed side. On both legs, KT was attached to the skin on the course of tibialis anterior muscle. Main outcome variables: GAITRite Platinum system (GaitRite, CIR system Inc., USA, 2008). Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39) Berg Balance Scale MDS-UPDRS III

Study aim: The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of combined treatment with triamcinolone acetonide and I/L plus tacrolimus versus tacrolimus alone in young patients with AA ,the study aims to compare clinical outcomes ,including symptoms resolution,improvement in hair fall & patient satisfaction between the two treatment regimens. Design: Community-based ,parallel group .non blind ,randomized controlled trial. Settings and conduct: This study will be conducted on patients presenting in dermatology OPD fulfilling the inclusion criteria and study is not blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria for the study are diagnosed cases of alopecia areata,patient age between 12-50 years of either sex,those willing to provide informed consent. Patient diagnosed with alopecia areata. Exclusion Criteria include ,patient having SALT score < 50 at baseline. Non-consenting patient. Patient with autoimmune diseases. Pregnant women. Patient's on immunosuppression therapy. Intervention groups: All patient will be randomly divided into 2 groups by using sequentially numbered opaque envelop. Patient in group A will receive intralesional triamcinolone Acetonide with topical tacrolimus 0.1% while group B will receive topical tacrolimus 0.1%. In group A, intralesional triamcinolone Acetonide 10mg will be given every 3 weeks along with topical tacrolimus 0.1% twice a day for 12 weeks. In group B, topical tacrolimus 0.1% will be advise twice a day for 12 weeks. Main outcome variables: Final outcome efficacy will be evaluated after 12 weeks of treatment by using SALT score as per criteria mentioned in operational definition. All the findings confounding variables such as age, gender, residence and duration of hair loss will be noted in a predesigned performa.Efficacy in intralesional triamcinolone Acetonide with tacrolimus groups was higher as compared to tacrolimus alone (53.33% vs 30%).

Study aim: • To compare the effects of Mulligan and Maitland mobilization to decrease pain and improve Range of Motion among patients having Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain. • To find out either Mulligan or Maitland mobilization is effective to eliminate kinesiophobia among patients due to Chronic Non Specific Low Back Pain. Design: A Single Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial was conducted. Settings and conduct: Subjects were recruiting from Outdoor Patient Department of; • District Headquarter Nankana Sahib • Alkarim Hospital Nankana Sahib Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: inculsion criteria: • Both gender (Male /Female) with the age 20-40. • Patient having low back pain with duration of at least 4 months. • At least moderate pain according to NPRS. • Minimum flexion of lumbar was 37±12° (23). • Minimum extension of lumbar was 14±4° (23). • Minimum kinesiophobia was 40±4 exclusion criteria: • Diagnosed with specific disease of LBP (arthritis, SIJ pain, and osteoporosis) • Recent fracture or history of fracture • Osteoporosis • Pregnancy or C-section 6 months ago • Previous hip or back surgery or fracture less than half year prior Intervention groups: Group A basically a Mulligan group and Group B was a Maitland group. Group A (Mulligan group), apply Hot Pack first for 10 minutes to warm while the patient lies in a comfortable position. After the warm-up, the patient received a Mulligan mobilization during which the exercisers performed half crunches, knee-to-chest, and hamstring stretches for 15 minutes. And same for Group B (Maitland group), but the difference was to apply Maitland Mobilization. Main outcome variables: Outcome Measure Following outcome measures were used to gather data from selected population. 1-Primary Outcome Measure • Pain intensity = Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). • Lumbar Range of Motion = Measuring tape. 2-Secondary Outcome Measure Kinesiophobia = Tampa Scale.

Study aim: To determine the comparative effects of semont liberatory maneuver and Cawthorne Cooksey exercises in patients with posterior semicircular canal BPPV To estimate the effectiveness of both the treatments To evaluate the improvement in patient's symptoms Design: Pragmatic, parallel group, single blinded, randomised controlled trial Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad National Hospital Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria 1. Gender female 2. Willing participants 3. Age 25-45 years 4. Acute cases of BPPV 5. Participants physically capable of undergoing the Semont maneuver. 6. Positive Dix-Hallpike test 7. Absence of other vestibular disorders Exclusion Criteria 1. Patients with progressive vascular pathology 2. Patients with active vertigo complaints were excluded 3. Patients having neck fragility or neck instability 4. Patients who had some brainstem or cerebellar signs. 5. Mentally unstable patients 6. patients with cognitive and perceptual problems Intervention groups: Intervention Group A Group A will receive Semont liberatory maneuver. Group B Group B will receive Cawthorne Cooksey Exercises. Both groups will receive intervention 3 times per week for 3 weeks. Pre readings will be calculated before the start of intervention. 1st reading post treatment will be taken after 2 weeks, 2nd reading post treatment will be taken after 3rd week. Main outcome variables: Dizziness Visual analogue scale (VAS) Dizziness handicap inventory (DHI)

Study aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of KT with conventional physical therapy and MWM with conventional physical therapy on pain, disability, and function in footballers with sub-acute lateral ankle sprains. Design: Parallel group, single-blind, randomized control trial Settings and conduct: 30 subjects will be studied at the Dr. AQ Khan Physio Clinic, Multan. Participants and assessors will be blinded. During the first visit, the researcher will complete a thorough case history and lumbar regional assessment. Patients will be assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure score for function and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale for pain. Treatment will then be continued according to the allotted group intervention. All participants will receive a total of 12 treatment sessions over a 4-week period, which will consist of 3 treatment sessions per week. The researcher will take a follow-up survey after 12 sessions. A follow-up assessment will be done at the end of 12 sessions as the post-treatment reading. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: age between 13 and 17 years; male athletes; more than two years’ participation in a football career; history of recurrent ankle sprains with an average of six months since their last sprain; feeling of ankle instability during training. Exclusion criteria: current assisted ambulation; acute ankle trauma occurring within 7 days of injury incident; medial ankle instability; grade III ankle sprains; a sprain sustained in the previous 12 months; connective tissue disorder; inability to bear weight through the affected extremity immediately after injury; chronic ankle injury on the contralateral side. Intervention groups: Group A: Kinesio taping with conventional physical therapy. Group B: Mulligan’s Mobilization with Movement with conventional physical therapy. Main outcome variables: Pain and function

Study aim: Determining the Impact of an Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model on Air Pollution-Reducing Behaviors Among Drivers in Tehran. Design: After Selecting 80 Drivers From Among Those Who Scored The Lowest In Performance During The Descriptive-Analytical Phase (Pre-Test), A Simple Random Sampling Method Is Used To Randomly Allocate Them Into Intervention And Control Groups. The Developed Educational Program Is Delivered To The Intervention Group, While The Control Group Receives No Intervention. Post-Tests Are Conducted At Three Different Time Points: Immediately After The Intervention, One Month Post-Intervention, And Three Months Post-Intervention, For Both The Intervention And Control Groups. Settings and conduct: The Study Is Conducted Among Active Taxi Drivers In Tehran, Who Are Randomly Assigned Into Two Groups: Intervention And Control. The Designed Educational Program Is Delivered To The Intervention Group, While The Control Group Receives No Intervention. Post-Tests Are Administered At Three Different Time Points: Immediately After The Intervention, One Month Post-Intervention, And Three Months Post-Intervention, For Both The Intervention And Control Groups. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: - Reading And Writing Skills - Having At Least One Year Of Driving Experience As A Taxi Driver - Staying In Tehran - Informed Consent Exclusion Criteria: - Lack Of Interest In Continuing To Participate In Research - Absence In One Of The Training Sessions - Change Of Residence Intervention groups: Taxi Drivers in Tehran City, Such As Taxis Main outcome variables: Driving Behavior

Study aim: To determine the effects of multi-modal balance training with and without auditory cues on balance, mobility, risk of fall and quality of life in chronic stroke. Design: A randomized, single blinded clinical trial with a parallel group design of 42 patients ( divided into two groups), were selected from Physical Therapy Department of Islam teaching hospital and Imran idrees hospital cantt. and followed for 12 weeks Settings and conduct: The data will be collected from the Islam teaching Hospital and Imran idrees hospital cantt.. The study population will be patients witrh chronic stroke which will randomly allocated into two groups. Group A (Multimodal Balance Training with Auditory cues) and Group B ( Multimodal Balance Training without Auditory cues). Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria will be both genders with the age between 45-70 years , having one sided stroke with no or less than grade 2 spasticity in modified ashworth scale and less than 52 score in berg balance scale. Exclusion criteria will be the patients with any respiratory disorders (i.e. asthma), orthopedic disorder (i.e. arthritis), non-healing ulcers, visuospatial problems (i.e. hemineglect) and cardiac disorder ( i.e. myocardial infarction) Intervention groups: Both experimental groups received balance training; one intervention group (Group A) received exercises combined with auditory cues provided by using a google metronome (RAS-supported multimodal balance intervention), whereas the other intervention group (Group B ) received balance training without auditory cues (only multimodal balance training). All the participants perform exercises for 45 minutes session with 10 minutes of rest break, on two alternative days in a week for a period of 12 weeks. Effects of intervention will be measured after 6th and 12th weeks Main outcome variables: Balance, Gait mobility, Risk of fall, Quality of life

Study aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Natural Apophyseal Glides (NAGs) and Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAGs) versus Myofascial Release (MFR) technique, individually and combined, on pain, mobility, and range of motion in university students. Design: Three-arm, parallel-group, randomized trail with blinded postoperative care and outcome assessment. A total of 102 university students diagnosed with mechanical/non-specific neck pain were randomly allocated (1:1:1) using a computer-generated random sequence to received therapeutic interventions. Settings and conduct: Eligible university students with mechanical neck pain from IISAT University, Gujranwala, PK were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group A, receiving Natural Apophyseal Glides and Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides; Group B, receiving Myofascial Release; or Group C, receiving combined therapy. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Neck pain ≥4 weeks, Visual Analog Scale ≥3, Neck Disability Index 10–30%, and ≥10% limitation in cervical range of motion (ROM) in at least one direction. Exclusion criteria: Cervical fracture/trauma, radiculopathy, previous surgery, systemic inflammatory disease, concurrent physiotherapy for neck pain, or psychiatric illness affecting participation. Intervention groups: All groups received treatment 3 times/week for 4 weeks (12 sessions). Group A: Natural Apophyseal Glides (NAGs; C2–C7 oscillatory glides) and Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides during active cervical movements (20–25 min/session). Group B: Myofascial Release technique applied to cervical and shoulder girdle muscles (10–15 min/session). Group C: Combined protocol of Myofascial Release followed by Natural Apophyseal Glides and Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (20–25 min/session). Main outcome variables: Visual Analog Pain Score, Neck Disability Score, and Cervical Range of Motion.

Study aim: The aim of this study will be to determine the immediate effects of active release technique on Pain, ROM and Functional Disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis patients. Design: Parallel group randomized clinical trial and Randomization will be achieved through computer generated random number table. Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad. It will be assessor who will be blinded about the type of intervention. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Both gender Age 40 to 65 years Unilateral adhesive capsulitis Grade 1 adhesive capsulitis diagnosed by orthopedic specialist. Exclusion criteria: Participants having rotator cuff injury. Cervical radiculopathy Thoracic outlet syndrome Autoimmune diseases Fracture of upper limb Intervention groups: Group A will receive active release technique after conservative treatment. Conservative treatment will be given in form of hot pack for 15 minutes followed by pendular movements. Following pendular exercises patients will be instructed to perform active assisted exercises comprising of 3 sets, 10 repetitions with 10 second’s hold. after that active release technique will be applied by Therapist in which Therapist will apply pressure or deep tension over the tender area or trigger points while patient will actively perform the movement throughout the maneuver. This technique will be repeated 3 times per session and total treatment duration will be 40 to 45 minutes. It will comprise of 12 sessions, twice a week for 4 weeks Group B will receive conventional treatment in form of hot pack for 15 minutes followed by pendular movements. Following pendular exercises patients will be instructed to perform active assisted exercises comprising of 3 sets, 10 repetitions with 10 second’s hold. Total treatment duration will be 25 to 30 minutes Main outcome variables: Pain Range of motion of shoulder Functional disability