The main target of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of β-D-Mannuronic acid in patients suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. Β-D-Mannuronic acid which is an anti-inflammatory agent, is ranked in the family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This agent has expressed qualified therapeutic effects with the greatest tolerability and safety in different experimental models like experimental model of Multiple schlerosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis. In this randomized controlled trial, 203 patients afflicted by Rheumatoid Arthritis, diagnosed based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Diagnostic Criteria that have active disease, will be examined. Furthermore, these patients should not have other concomitant diseases such as Hepatic, renal, cardiovascular diseases or malignancies. Written informed consent will be signed by the patients. Then Patients will be randomly divided into two groups (Treatment and Control group). Treatment group (112 patients) will receive β-D-Mannuronic acid 1500 mg/day (three 500 mg tablets/day)with conventional immunosuppressive drugs and Control group (91 patients) ) will receive placebo with conventional immunosuppressive drugs orally for 12 weeks. Medical history and clinical parameters including the serum level of CRP, ESR, RF and Anti CCP will be evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment. The manner of blinding in this study is so neither participants in the study nor the persons who perform the test will be aware of the intervention. In order to allocate the patients randomly into two groups mentioned above, at first 29 blocks of 7 with C and T letters (The letters indicate the Treatment and Control groups) are created. 4 patients of each block belong to the treatment group and 3 patients belong to the control group. Then the blocks are randomly selected and arranged to reach a sequential combination of 203 letters. Each letter will be placed in a sealed packet according to the obtained sequence

Study aim: Determination of the effectiveness of melatonin-containing mucoadhesive on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis Design: A clinical trial with a control group, with parallel groups, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 on 44 patients. Random allocation software 2 for randomization. Settings and conduct: Toouba Dental Clinic, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences How to intervene in the intervention group (with melatonin mucosal adhesive) and control (placebo): Mucosal adhesive 3 times a day (Morning, afternoon and night) for 30 minutes and removing then (In addition to the examination on the day of visit), the patient should revisit on the third, fifth, and seventh days to have the pain level with the Visual analogue scale, the size of the ulcer with the probe, as well as the length of the healing period In this double-blind study (researcher, analyst and participant) for blinding, codes A (melatonin) and B (placebo) will be generated using software. Finally, the codes will be placed in a sealed envelope and the sample number will be written on the envelope. These envelopes, along with the mucosal adhesive, will be in dark packaging with the same color and shape. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: Men and women aged 18 to 50 years, with aphthous lesions (up to 48 hours from the formation of the lesion, with a size less than 10 mm and a diameter greater than 2 mm), lesions of the lips and buccal mucosa Exclusion: pregnancy or lactation, ulcers as a manifestation of a systemic disease, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, opioids, immunomodulatory agents, and analgesics Intervention groups: 3 pieces of mucosal adhesive will be glued daily (a total of 21), use for 30 minutes (without eating or drinking at the time of use) and removing then by patient Main outcome variables: pain; size of the lesion

Study aim: Determining the effectiveness of oral allicin tablets on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis Design: Controlled clinical trial, with parallel groups, unblinded, randomized, phase 3 on 60 patients. Randomization with random allocation software 2 Settings and conduct: Touba Dental Clinic, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Intervention method: In the intervention group (with oral allicin tablets) and control (placebo): 4 tablets (every 6 hours) daily (In addition to the examination on the day of referral), the patient must return on the third, seventh, and tenth days to assess the pain level with a visual analog scale, the size of the wound with a probe, and the length of the healing period. In this study, due to the garlic smell of the allicin-containing tablets, blinding will not be performed and the tablets will be provided to the patients after randomization. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Men and women aged 18 to 50 years; patients with aphthous lesions on the lips, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth and tongue; maximum 48 hours have passed since the lesion formation. Exclusion criteria: Allergy to allicin; pregnancy or lactation; ulcer as a manifestation of a systemic disease such as Behçet's disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or acquired immunodeficiency; use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, narcotics, immunomodulating agents; systemic antibiotics use in the 2 weeks prior to study entry; the patient has a bleeding disorder Intervention groups: The intervention group will receive oral allicin tablets (400 mg, Dineh, Iran) containing 1100 micrograms of allicin, and the control group will receive placebo. The patient will take 4 allicin tablets (every 6 hours) (4.4 mg daily) for 10 days. Main outcome variables: Pain level; Ulcer size; Healing period

Study aim: Determining the effectiveness of ibuprofen-containing mucoadhesive on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis Design: Controlled clinical trial, with parallel groups, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 on 44 patients, Randomization with random allocation software 2 Settings and conduct: Touba Dental Clinic, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Intervention method in the intervention group (ibuprofen) and control (placebo): Use of mucusal adhesive 3 times a day for 30 minutes (without eating or drinking during use) (In addition to the examination on the day of visit), the patient must return on the third, fifth and seventh days to check the pain level with a visual analog scale, the size of the wound with a probe In this double-blind study (researcher, analyst and participant) for blinding, codes A (ibuprofen) and B (placebo) will be generated using software. Finally, the codes will be placed in a sealed envelope and the sample number will be written on the envelope. These envelopes, along with the adhesive mucus, will be in dark packaging with the same color and shape. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: Men and women 18 to 50 years of age; having aphthous ulcers (within 48 hours of lesion formation, with a size smaller than 10 mm); aphthous lesions on the lips and buccal mucosa Exclusion: Pregnancy or lactation; ulcers as a manifestation of a systemic disease; taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, narcotics, immunomodulators, analgesics; people with diseases such as active gastrointestinal or cerebrovascular bleeding, uncontrolled heart failure, lupus, renal failure and liver failure or disease Intervention groups: In the intervention and placebo groups, the medication will be applied 3 times daily (the patient should refrain from eating and drinking for 30 minutes during use). Main outcome variables: Pain level; Ulcer size

Study aim: To investigate the effectiveness of extremely low frequencies (ELF) electromagnetic fields in the treatment of drug-resistant E. Coli-induced chronic bacterial cystitis. Design: Two-arm, parallel group, double blind randomized controlled clinical trial Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in ID MEDICALS Moretti Roma, Italy Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Women, age 18 to 80 years, suffering from chronic E-coli indued drug-resistant cystitis will be recruited. Women with serious co-morbid conditions will be excluded. Intervention groups: Experimental group: Experimental group will receive electromagnetic fields, modulated at extremely low frequencies . For treatment, a sequence of signals (BSB) will be created. In order to emit the BSB sequence, a PEMF ion resonance generator, Seqex (SISTEMI SRL) mod MED (compliant with Directive 93/42/EEC and standard EN 60601-1 regarding safety and essential performance, CE Certificate issued by Notified Body CE0051), will be used. This can write signal sequences, store them on a card, and emit them, emitting sequences from 1 to 80 Hz, with 30 waveforms, and signal intensity from 1 to 100 µT at the source. A total of 8 applications will be performed, twice a week with a 48-72 hour interval between each session (i.e., Monday and Thursday). Control group: The control group will receive placebo. Placebo will be used by placing the applicators without emitting signals, thus patients will have no idea whether they are in the experimental group or control group. Main outcome variables: All participants will be tested for IL-6 and D-dimer (from a complete blood count), urine analysis (pH, specific gravity, urobilinogen, red blood cells, and leukocytes), and urine culture, detecting E. coli at levels greater than 100,000 CFU/ml.

osseodensification drilling (Charisma kit, Pakistan) and the contralateral side conventional drilling (DIO kit, South

Karachi, Pakistan population referred to physiotherapy clinic. Before and after 6 weeks interventions