of Government Mian Munshi Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Patients were randomly selected and approached

Study aim: To compare the outcomes like operating time, postoperative pain and bleeding and postoperative urinary retention with both procedures Design: RCT Settings and conduct: Study was conducted at department of general surgery Pakistan railway hospital Rawalpindi from Jan 2023 to Dec 2023. Participants

centre, Multan and Faiz Hospital, Multan, Pakistan, Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Study aim: The aim of the study is to preclude the medication non-adherence in the COPD patients in Pakistan Design: Study design: A single centered randomized controlled trial Study Groups: Interventional (...) ongoing study is conducted by the the principle investigator in Holy family hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

conduct: Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre Peshawar, Pakistan. No blinding in the trial

Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria •Age 24 to 40 years •History

Study aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib vs azathioprine for the treatment of severe Alopecia areata, Alopecia totalis and Alopecia universalis. Design: randomized, paralled, double blinded study. Settings and conduct: Dermatology Department, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan

Study aim: To compare the effectiveness of Cranial Nerve VII mobilization and manual manipulation of facial muscles among patients of acute Bell’s palsy and to improve the voluntary movements of facial muscles and to reduce Synkinesis among patients. Design: A randomized, single blinded, clinical trial with a parallel group design of 26 patients, enrolled between July 2024 and October 2024 Settings and conduct: The patients were recruited from the Aziz Fatima Hospital Faisalabad, Nusrat Abdul Rauf Center for Enablement Faisalabad and Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad. It was a single blinded trail in which patients were blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age 15-45 y/o, acute stage, HBG scale gradeⅡ-Ⅲ, SB facial grading score ≥40. Exclusion criteria: Diagnosed Neurodegenerative Disorders, Diagnosed intra-cranial Tumors, Diagnosed Viral infection, Presence of severe comorbidities Intervention groups: Both groups received superficial heat therapy, nerve stimulation and facial muscle exercises with addition of Manual Manipulation of facial muscles (which are supplied by Cranial Nerve VII) in Group A and Cranial Nerve VII Mobilization technique in Group B. Main outcome variables: The primary outcome to be achieved from this study includes voluntary movement, Synkinesis and facial expressions. The secondary outcome includes the facial symmetry.

Objective: To evaluate safety and efficacy of Test Product; Megafer Injection® in Prergnant women with iron deficiency Anemia. Inclusion Criteria: Pregnant Women in second or third trimester of pregnancy, Hb: ≤ 8 g/dl and serum ferritin levels are below than normal Exclusion Criteria: Patient allergic to iron preparation or any other ingredient of Injection megafer . Study Population: Pregnant Women Sample Size: 50 subjects Intervention: Megafer Injection® (Iron Sucrose 100mg/5ml), Main Outcomes measures: Increase in Hb level at 2-4 weeks after initiation of treatment, achievement of target haemoglobin.

Study aim: To check the effectiveness of teaching theory of mind curriculum Design: Randomized control trial Settings and conduct: Trial is not blinded. Will be implemented with help of teachers and parents in the diagnosed centers of Autism Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: .children who are enrolled in special need care centre, Autism Resource center Multan with age range 7-12 years. participants will be excluded who will not meet inclusion criteria Intervention groups: control group; experimental group Main outcome variables: Teaching theory of Mind curriculum will be effective to increase social skills and theory of mind skills.

Study aim: To find the effectiveness of integrative treatment of COVID-19 patients. Design: Interventional study design. sample size 34, non-randomized single group pre post . phase 1 clinical trials Settings and conduct: Knowledge Research and Innovation Center, Pakistan (KRIC) questionnaire pre and post

Study aim: To compare the effects of non-surgical spinal decompression therapy in addition to routine physical therapy in patients with lumber radiculopathy. Design: A single blinded randomised controlled trial, conducted on 60 patients, equally divided into two groups, single centered study Settings and conduct: Pain Center, single blinded study (patient will be blinded to the recruited group) Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria Both male and female patients, Age between 25-55 years, Clinically and radiologically diagnosed patients (by neuro-surgeon) of lumbar radiculopathy, Unilateral radiating low back pain (LBP) for at least 3 months, Willing to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria Recent fracture or dislocation of lumber vertebra, History of surgery on lumber spine, hip or pelvis, Spinal tumors or infections in the intervertebral disc, Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatism, Spinal deformity such as scoliosis, Spondylolysthesis, Osteoporosis below first lumber vertebra (L1), Patients taking medications e.g Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) for pain, Severe disc degeneration, Pregnant females, Having three or more herniation Intervention groups: 60 patients will be randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The control group will receive routine physical therapy while the experimental group will receive spinal decompression therapy alongwith the routine physical therapy. Main outcome variables: 1. Pain intensity 2. Level of disability 3. Quality of life 4. lumber Range of motion 5. Endurance

Study aim: To evaluate the safety & efficacy of Sofosbuvir-Velpatasvir combination in real world setting in Pakistan. Further, this study aims to assess sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the (...) Peshawar, and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. Hepatitis-C patients visiting

will be conducted at CMH Quetta, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion

Study aim: The purpose of the study was to compare the Effects of Grade III Stretch Gliding with and without Scapulothoracic exercises in frozen shoulder patients Design: A concealed, Randomized , single blinded, controlled trial with a group design of 80 patients Settings and conduct: Study was conducted at: 1. Muhammad physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation center, Multan. 2. Faiz hospital, Multan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age 40-60 In comparison to other shoulder, the range of motion in abduction, flexion, and external rotation less than 50%. Both gender (male/female) Unilateral/bilateral shoulder Limited ADLS (washing hair, placing an object on a high place, touching the back of the neck, etc.) Must be in the frozen stage (second Stage) Exclusion criteria: History of Trauma Malignancy Cerebrovascular accidents and neurological conditions affecting the shoulder Patients with mastectomy Fracture of shoulder Intervention groups: The exercise regime was distributed over 6 weeks period (24 sessions) once a day and 4 times per week. Group-A received a treatment program consisting of grade III stretch gliding along with scapulothoracic exercises). Group-B received grade III stretch gliding only. Both groups received a heating pad for 10-15 minutes. In addition, patients followed the home exercise program which included (wall creep, pendulum exercises) and functional activities (e.g., combing hair, brushing teeth, etc.) at home twice daily with 20 repetitions. Main outcome variables: Pain, range of motion and functional status

Study aim: To compare functional patellofemoral joint mobilizations with the standard open-pack patellofemoral joint mobilization for reducing pain associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Design: A single blinded quantitative study ,following the research design of randomized control trial. Randomization will be through coin tossing method. Active control group will be used to compare the results Settings and conduct: Subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome will be taken from these 3 hospital settings: Allied hospital Faisalabad, District Headquater hospital Faisalabad and Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad. Blinding: participants will be blinded they will not be aware whether they are in treatment or control group as the participants of both the groups will receive 3 step intervention .Physiotherapist will provide different mobilization to each group which will be hidden from the subjects. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Subjects having pain in the knee associated with, during or after the activity including stair ascending/descending, squatting, jumping, prolonged sitting etc. Non-inclusion criteria: Meniscal injury or any other articular injury; Knee ligament laxity; History of recent knee surgery; History of recent patellar dislocation. Intervention groups: Intervention group 1: 1. Hot pack (10 min) . 2. Functional patellofemoral joint mobilizations(medial patellofemoral glide in 4 functional positions) 3. Baseline quadricep strengthening exercise program. Intervention group 2: 1.Hot pack (10 min) . 2.Baseline quadricep strengthening exercise program. 3.Grade I-11 Medial patellofemoral mobilizations (in one position only). Main outcome variables: Visual Analogue Scale score; Anterior Knee Pain Scale score

Study aim: To evaluate the effects of exercise through telerehabilitation on overweight and obese individual on physical fitness. Design: Single group, single-blind Quasi-experimental study, six weeks from 17 August 2022 to 28 September 2022, 44 participants. Settings and conduct: Obese and overweight population of Gujranwala_ assessor and participant both are blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: To evaluate the effects of exercise through telerehabilitation on overweight and obese individual on quality of life. Intervention groups: 44 participants before the training, Warm-up exercises, trunk stabilization exercises, and breathing exercises were used as part of the exercise training applied to the telerehabilitation group with remote live connection for 6 weeks, 3 days per week, an average of 45 min. Individuals' physical fitness levels were evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test protocol, and their quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form-36. Main outcome variables: Quality of life; physical fitness

Study aim: The comparison of Manipulation with Mulligan Mobilization on sacroiliac joint dysfunction, disability and range of motion Design: This study was a double blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. The patients and outcome assessor were blinded about the allocation of the groups. Settings and conduct: The study was conducted in Evercare Hospital Lahore, outpatient department of physiotherapy. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Screened through provocative sacroiliac joint tests:  Distraction test  Thigh thrust test  Compression test  Sacral thrust test  FABER test  Gaenslen test • Age limit of 20y to 60years • Both male and female, were included in this study. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: • Recent surgical procedure of Lumbar spine • Spondylolisthesis • Lumbar hypermobility • Sacroiliac joint hypermobility • Spinal structural deformity i.e., scoliosis • Severe cardiovascular and bone diseases i.e. tumor Intervention groups: Patients were randomly distributed to two groups with use of lottery method of randomization. Group A: Patients treating with sacroiliac joint Manipulation, core stability exercises and heating pad. Group B: Patients treating with Mulligan Mobilization, core stability exercises and heating pad. Main outcome variables: • Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) • Modified Oswestry disability Questionnaire (MODQ)

The study proposed here intends to evaluate the anti-HCV potential of fluoroquinolones on HCV-infected patients in a clinical trial, while taking into account the genotype differences relevant most to Pakistani population. We will focus on four fluoroquinolones that are found to be most potent in our in vitro experiments, and will explore the potential of these fluoroquinolones to inhibit HCV infection in Pakistani patients infected with genotype 3a. Fluoroquinolone drugs are already tested and approved for use on humans. They are commercially available and are commonly prescribed for the treatment of bacterial infections. The proposed study will help in identifying fluoroquinolones that may be used as a safer and inexpensive alternative to the current HCV treatment.

Study aim: pain in cervical radiculopathy Design: randomization will be through lottery method ,single blinded study will be conducted in which only patient would be blinded Settings and conduct: Tehsil headquater hospital, haroonabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: inclusion: cervical radiculopathy impact scale 10 to 60 included, pain 4 to 8 numeric pain rating scale in neck exclusion:Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis Intervention groups: two groups group A single session group B multiple session Main outcome variables: cervical radiculopathy impact scale

Study aim: To compare active release and active recovery techniques for delayed onset muscle soreness on recovery and fatigue among athletes. Design: This study will be a randomized clinical trial. Settings and conduct: Data will be collected from Pakistan Sports Board. Participants/Inclusion and

General Hospital Pakistan. Subject recruitment occurred between Feb 2017 to July 2017 (6 Months) 49

Study Title: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of Insulin-Glargine (rDNA origin) 100 u/ml (Basagine™) in local healthy human volunteers after administration of a 0.2 units/Kg subcutaneous dose. Study Design: Open label, single period, single treatment, and single dose study in fourteen healthy volunteers. Goal/Objective: To determine AUC0–t, Cmax and, Tmax of the drug in Pakistani population Inclusion Criteria: Healthy male/female, Age: 18 to 50 years, BMI: 18-26 Kg/m2, Fasting plasma glucose: <6.0 mmol/l, non-smoker, non-alcoholic and no drug abuse. Exclusion criteria: Volunteers with any neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, Hypertension and any Cardio Vascular disease, positive test results for HBsAg, anti HCV and HIV antibody. Findings of hematology, biochemistry and ECG are out of range revealing clinical significance. Treatments: Single subcutaneous dose of Insulin-Glargine (rDNA origin; Basagine™) 0.2 units/Kg. Afterwards 5ml blood would be collected at 30 min, 15 min and 0 min before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25 hours after drug administration. 120-240 ml 20% glucose will be given orally every 30 minutes to keep the blood glucose levels above 100mg/dl. Safety: Through physical examination, vital sign, adverse events, glucose monitoring and lab test monitoring on screening and at follow up after 72 hours. Throughout the study blood glucose levels would be monitored to maintain the blood glucose level between 3.3 to 7.7 mmol/liter. Measurements/ Analysis: Insulin and C-peptide through Chemiluminescence. Pharmacokinetic parameters would be determined by model independent method using PPstat soft ware. Ethical consideration: Approved from IRB and full compliance to ICH-GCP.

Study aim: Evaluate the effects of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization and deep transverse friction massage on pain and gait parameter among patients with Iliotibial band syndrome. Design: Randomized clinical trial, Non-probability purposive sampling technique (random allocation to groups by means of lottery method) was used in this study. Settings and conduct: • Physio Fixx Physiotherapy & Pain Relief Center, Faisalabad • Physiotherapy & Pain Relief Center, Faisalabad • Physiotherapist Center, Faisalabad • Recovery Healthcare Clinic, Faisalabad • InMotion Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, Faisalabad • Human Care Physiotherapy and Rehab Center, Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Male patients with IT band tightness • Sitting for minimum 6-7 hour • Positive Ober’s test • Age ranging between 25-45 years • Having pain (3-7 on numeric pain rating scale) • Willing to participate was included into study Exclusion Criteria • Participants with any diagnosed musculoskeletal or auto-immune disorder • Having co-morbidities such as neoplasm etc • Undergone lower limb surgery in past 6 months • Having any neurological or vascular disorders or infectious disease • Participants with physical impairment • Participants taking medication (NSAIDS and steroids) Intervention groups: For group A Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) was given for 10 mins of warm up session using ultrasound as baseline treatment. For group B transverse deep friction massage was given along with the baseline treatment. Main outcome variables: Pain, Range of motion, Q angle

participants followed for 6 weeks Settings and conduct: Pakistan Sports Board and Coaching Centre (PSB (...) Pakistan Sports Board and Coaching Centre Lahore are including in study; • Participants that are