Study aim: To Find The Effects Of Shoulder Joint Mobilization With Movement With And Without Scapular Mobilization On Pain,Range Of Motion And Function In Adhesive Capsulitis. Design: Two parallel groups ,Double blinded ,Randomized Controlled Trial. Settings and conduct: DHQ TEACHING HOSPITAL SARGODHA, Outcome assessor and participant will be blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: • Age 40-65 yrs with complaint of shoulder pain for last 3 months. • both genders. • NPRS score ≤ 6 screened written informed consent. • Diabetes and hypertension. • unilateral shoulder must have not move more then 90 degrees of abduction and 50% decreased external rotation as compared to normal side/normal ROMS values. Exclusion criteria: • Inflammatory Pathologies such as Rotator cuff tendinitis,rheumatoid arthritis. • Trauma. • Shoulder Surgeries,Malignancy . • Neurological disorders of upper extremity • Cervical or thoracic problem having cervical rib. • Intra articular injection in glenohumeral joint during last 03 months. Intervention groups: Intervention Group A:Shoulder Joint Mobilization With Movement. Intervention Group B:Shoulder Joint Mobilization With Movement With Scapular Mobilization. Main outcome variables: Pain intensity will be measured by NPRS. ROM of shoulder measured by universal Goniometer. Functional Disability by Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI).

Study aim: To determine the effects of mobilization with movement and Maitland grade III mobilization on pain and physical function in plantar fasciitis. Design: Randomised, superiority, parallel group trial with blinded outcome assessment. Randomisation was centralised and computerised with concealed randomisation sequence carried out at an external site Settings and conduct: This study will be conducted at Riphah Rehab Clinic.The treatment will be given for a total of 4 weeks.2 sessions given in each week. The outcome measure will be measured at baseline and after 4 weeks.Outcome assessor will be blinded. After taking informed written consent. Allot a distinct identification number and placed all written consent forms in locker to blind assessor. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Age: 30-60 years 2. Both male and female patients with chronic plantar fasciitis 3. Tender medial side of the calcaneus on palpation 4. Pain occur on insertion of the plantar fascia by palpation 5. Pain occur in weight-bearing activities 6. Positive results of windlass test 7. Negative results of tarsal tunnel test EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Patient having any arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis 2. Tumor 3. Fracture of tarsals and metatarsals 4. Tarsal tunnel syndrome 5. Any recent surgery of ankle and foot Intervention groups: Intervention of group A=Mobilization with movement, Gastrocnemius stretching, Stretching of Plantar fascia, Ultrasound Therapy. Intervention of group B=Maitland grade III mobilization, Gastrocnemius stretching, Stretching of Plantar fascia,Ultrasound Therapy Main outcome variables: Numeric pain rating scale, Foot and ankle ability measure

Study aim: To compare the effectiveness of mirror therapy and motor relearning program in stroke. This study will compare the effects of both techniques on the motor function after stroke. The document which states that mirror therapy has therapeutic effect is. Jan, Shafqatullah, et al. "A randomized control trial comparing the effects of motor relearning program and mirror therapy for improving upper limb motor functions in stroke patients." JPMA 69.1242 (2019). Design: Randomised control trial with blinded outcome assessment.Randomisation was computerised with concealed allocation sequence carried out at an external site. Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in the Sheikh Zayed Hospital and Al Noor Hospital of Rahim Yar Khan city.The outcome assessor will be blind. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria Age between 40 to 65 years, both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, both male and female will be included, Must have intact/unaffected extremity Exclusion Criteria Patients who are not medically stable, Patients who have dementia, Other musculoskeletal, vascular related conditions, impaired cognitive functions, Rare cardiac diseases, Progressive Neurological disorder, Orthopedic disorder involving any joint of limbs Intervention groups: Group A.Motor relearning program(Experimental Group) Group B.Mirror therapy(Control Group) Main outcome variables: Motor function of upper and lower limb (Fugl meyer assessment scale)

Study aim: To compare the effects of breathing reeducation on clinical outcomes in non specific chronic neck pain. Design: A Randomised controlled trial,Double blinded,sample size of 80 patients single centre Settings and conduct: Trial will be conducted at district Headquarter Hospital Faisalabad,patient and therapist are blinded by sealed envelop method Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria • Patients having non specific neck pain for more than 3 months • Patients having no history of respiratory disease • Patients having FEV1/FVC ratio=0.7 or 70% of the predicted • Age between 25-50 years Exclusion criteria • Smokers • Patients with upper cervical signs and symptoms • Prolong sitting Intervention groups: Intervention group will receive supervised breathing exercises focusing on proper inhalation, exhalation and chest expansion for 15 minutes in addition to routine physical therapy treatment. Patients will undergo the intervention twice a week for consecutive 8 weeks. Main outcome variables: Pain, ROM,Disability, Strength of neck muscles, Endurance, Quality of life, Vital capacity FET values

Study aim: To compare the effects of walking exercises and swiss ball exercises along-with walking exercises in reducing pain and improving lumbar extensors endurance and physical activity in non-specific low back pain among sedentary women. Design: Randomized Controlled trial, parallel group with participants and outcome assessors double blinded. A list was generated using computer generated table and concealment of allocation was made using sealed envelopes Settings and conduct: Gujrat Hospital Gujrat, participants and outcome assessors are blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 18 to 40 years old; 2. Females with sedentary lifestyle or occupations; 3. Pain duration more than 6 weeks; 4. Not taken any previous exercise session for lumbar pain within last two months Exclusion criteria: 1. Presence of spinal deformity (scoliosis with cobb’s angle exceeding 10*); 2. History of recent lumbar or abdominal surgery; 3. Presence of systemic or inflammatory disease; 4. Severe knee or hip arthritis as it will affect walking; 5. Prolapsed intervertebral disc; 6. Fracture, tumors, ankylosing spondylitis Intervention groups: Group A: Perform fast walking on flat ground for 30 minutes with abdominal bracing. Group B: Perform fast walking on flat ground for 30 minutes with abdominal bracing alongwith swiss ball exercises ( swiss ball straight arm crunch, alternate arm and leg extension, wall squat, shoulder bridge, back extension, hamstring curl and leg raises) Main outcome variables: Pain and endurance of lumbar extensors using NPRS and Trunk extensors endurance test are primary outcomes. Secondary outcome is function measured by Modified Oswestry Disability Index.

Study aim: To compare the effect of cervical mobilization and thoracic manipulation on pain and function in myofascial temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients Design: Randomized Clinical trial. (RCT) Settings and conduct: • Life Line Hospital Lahore. • Fatima Memorial Hospital Shadman Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1 Myofascial pain in region of TMJ. 2. Reduced mouth opening measured by using 3fingers and 2 knuckles. 3. Age group in range of 20-40 years. 4. Females only. 5. Presence of any taut band and trigger point in surrounding area. 6. Reproduction of referred pain pattern of trigger point in response to palpation. 6.8 Exclusion criteria: 1. Degenerative TMJ arthritis 2. Malignant tumor of face and jaw. 3. History of fracture and dislocation of TMJ. 4. History of previous surgery of jaw or TMJ. 5. Neurological disorders includes stroke, bell’s palsy and spinal cord injury 6. Hypermobile TMJ. 7. Osteoporotic patient Intervention groups: Group A : Cervical Mobilization Group B : Thoracic Manipulation Main outcome variables: 1. Pain 2. Function

Study aim: To identify the effects of sustained natural Apophyseal gilde versus Cervical Manipulation in treatment of Mechanical neck pain Design: Randomized Clinical Trial,50 subjects (25 in each group) will be randomly allocated,single blinded study Settings and conduct: study conducted at KKT Orthopedic Spine Center and Royal Institute of Medical Sciences,Multan ,Sample size will be 50 individuals (25 each group) conducted in time duration of 6 months.group 1 patients got sustained natural Apophyseal glide and group 2 got cervical manipulation. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: inclusion criteria-1.- 50 patients both males and females with mechanical neck pain aged between 22 to 65 will be included.2-• hypo-mobility of the cervical range of motion.3-• Non -discogenic neck pain, stiffness, muscle tension, headache and migraine. exclusion criteria-1-• Any contraindication to systemic manifestation (e.g. inflammation, infection, advanced degeneration, congenital malformation, trauma, cerebrovascular abnormalities).2-• Positive neurological examination e.g. presence of positive motor reflex, or sensory abnormalities indicating spinal root compression.3-• cervical spine surgery or stenosis ,metabolic or systemic disorders or cancer.-. Intervention groups: Group A Subjects will be treated with Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) which included two sessions per week. Patients in this group will receive a baseline treatment that is heating pad for 15 minutes before the treatment. Procedure will be repeat in sets of 5 to 10. Group B Subjects will be treated with Cervical Manipulation after baseline treatment that is heating pad for 15 minutes which included two sessions per week. Main outcome variables: pain,disability and cervical range of motion

Study aim: To determine the effectiveness of routine physical therapy with and without IASTM technique on pain intensity, range of motion and neck pain disability index in patients with neck pain due to upper crossed syndrome. Design: Randomized Clinical Trail Settings and conduct: The data will be collected from Physiotherapy Clinics, The Agile Institute of rehabilitation Sciences( AIRS) and National Orthopedic Hospital Bahawalpur. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Diagnosed patients complaining neck pain with forwarded head posture • Both Females and Males in age of 18-40 • Chronic Neck pain from at least 3 months • Neck pain Scoring More than 3 on Visual Analogue Scale Exclusion Criteria Patients with history of • Any previous surgery • Any type of Infection • Any type of Hypersensitive Skin • Diabetes Mellitus type II • Any type of Traumatic Injury • Any type of Psychological Disorder • Manual therapy contraindicated like osteoporosis, infection, disc-Herniation, neoplasm • Osteomyelitis, Ulcers, open wound including all in which IASTM is contraindicated • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Acute Inflammation • Burn Scars • Osteoporosis • Unhealed , closed and non complicated fractures Intervention groups: Group-A Routine Physical Therapy (RPT) Group-B Experimental Group(IASTM) Main outcome variables: Pain Cervical Range of Motion Neck Disability Index(Functional Assessment Tool)

conducted in physical therapy department of Kulsum International Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan. Study

Study aim: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of adding Kinesio taping to standard treatment modalities (medication, physiotherapy, and exercises) in patients with LBP, specifically in terms of pain relief, functional improvement, and overall recovery. Design: This RCT with a parallel-group design compares Kinesio taping + standard care vs. standard care alone in 100 patients with Low Back Pain. Randomization & Allocation Participants will be randomly assigned to either: Intervention: Kinesio taping + standard care Control: Standard care alone Allocation: Concealed randomization Follow-Up Assessments at 24 hours, 3 days, and 1 week post-intervention. Settings and conduct: Conducted in Clinical Settings, patients randomly allocated, and patients are not blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Adults aged 20-60 years • Diagnosed with chronic low back pain (non-specific) • Both genders • No recent back surgery or significant spinal abnormalities Exclusion Criteria: • Patients with inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis) • Pregnant women • Skin allergies, wounds, or infections in the back area • Neurological deficits (e.g., sciatica, herniated disc) • Obesity (BMI > 30) Intervention groups: The intervention group will have Kinesiotaping applied to the lumbar region based on standard KT methods for LBP. The tape will be applied for 3 consecutive days, following which it will be reapplied at regular intervals for one week. Physiotherapy and exercises will be administered as part of the treatment protocol for both groups. Medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), will be prescribed based on individual needs. Main outcome variables: NRS and ODI

Study aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using a cooler dialysate temperature (35.5°C) on hemodynamic stability in hypotensive patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, compared to the standard dialysate temperature (37°C). Hemodialysis is a critical life-saving procedure, but complications such as intradialytic hypotension can lead to session interruptions and increased morbidity and mortality. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to specifically examine the benefits of cooler dialysate in a hypotensive ESRD population, with the goal of improving hemodynamic stability during dialysis sessions. Design: Parallel group, double blind, randomised controlled trial Settings and conduct: Conducted in a tertiary care hospital, the study ensures blinding of participants, healthcare providers, data collectors, and outcome assessors through concealed temperature settings. The design aims to minimize bias and assess the impact of cooler dialysate on intradialytic hypotension Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Patients from both genders between 18 and 60 years old who were on twice weekly HD and had hypotension were included. Patients with thyroid disease, anaemia, and taking anti-hypertensive medications were excluded. Intervention groups: Cooler dialysate temperature (35.5°C) on hemodynamic stability in hypotensive patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, compared to the standard dialysate temperature (37°C). Main outcome variables: This double-blind, randomized trial assesses the impact of cooler dialysate (35.5°C) versus standard dialysate (37°C) on hemodynamic stability in hypotensive ESRD patients during hemodialysis.

Study aim: To screen out the psychosocial issues due to social media addiction. To compare the level of psychosocial issues among male and female students. To screen out the severity level of social media addiction. Design: This research study will be conducted in two phases: phase-I (screening and identification of psychosocial issues due to social media addiction), and phase-II (management of psychosocial issues due to social media addiction by using CBT). In this study 30, 30 students will be recruited for both groups with psychosocial issues. In phase-II, there will be two groups, experimental group (receive the treatment) and control group (will not receive the treatment) age between 18-25 years. For pre-test and post-test, researcher will use cross sectional research design for baseline assessment and evaluation, and at the time of management of psychosocial issues, there will be experimental research design. Settings and conduct: Following settings and conduct will be follow in this study: It is not blinded study, Informed consent, Privacy/ confidentiality, Voluntary participation, Right to withdraw, Potential to harm, Anonymity, and Results communication. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: University students aged 18-25 (Years) Male, Female students Provide informed consent Exclusion criteria: More than 25 years age and less than 18 years age Do not provide informed consent Students with severe mental health disorder Student who are currently receiving psychological treatment Intervention groups: There will two intervention groups, experimental group (receive the treatment) and control group (will not receive the treatment) with psychosocial issues. Main outcome variables: Main outcome variables are: Reduction of Psychosocial issues like Depression, anxiety, stress, cyberbullying, loneliness, social comparison.

Study aim: the study aims to evaluate the short-term effects of Kinesio taping on pain reduction and functional improvement using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT), parallel-group design, comparing the effects of Kinesio taping with standard care versus standard care alone in patients with knee OA. A total of 100 participants randomly assigned to either the intervention group (Kinesio taping + standard care) or the control group (standard care alone) using concealed allocation. The study will follow up participants at 24 hours, 3 days, and 1 week post-intervention to assess outcomes. Settings and conduct: conducted in clinical setting, patients randomly allocated and patients are not blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 40 to 80 years 2. Chronic knee pain 3. Ability to provide informed consent 4.Intact skin over knee Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of skin allergies, open wounds, or infections at the application site. 2. Diagnosed with inflammatory joint diseases. 3. Patients with neurological disorders 4. Pregnant Intervention groups: Intervention group will receive Kinesio taping (K-tape) application on the affected knee joint in addition to standard care. Tape strip (5 cm wide, length adjusted to knee size) placed medially from the tibial tuberosity to the rectus femoris muscle and another strip laterally. At middle portion 30-40% tension, at ends 0% tension. The tape will remain in place for 24 hours, unless discomfort or skin irritation occurs, in which case it will be removed. Main outcome variables: NRS and western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index( WOMAC)

. Settings and conduct: Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and

Study aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral celecoxib over oral acetaminophen as pre-emptive analgesic for pain control after impacted mandibular third molar surgery, thus identifying the group of drugs that is more effective to achieve pre-emptive analgesia. Design: Randomized Controlled clinical trial with a parallel group design of 70 patients, enrolled between 18th February 2021 to 18th August 2021 and followed for 6 months Settings and conduct: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, AFID, Rawalpindi. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion crieteria: patients of both gender with age range 17-50 years, Patients with at least one impacted mandibular third molar that is indicated for surgical extraction, Patients with no intake of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs for 1 week. Exclusion crieteria: Pregnant or nursing women.Patients with serious diseases like liver, kidney and cardiovascular diseases.Patients with ulcers or bleeding in the digestive tract.Patients who are unable to express subjective discomfort symptoms.Patients with periodontal disease involving the adjacent teeth. Intervention groups: Intervention group is more efficacious as pre-emptive analgesic for post-operative pain control, in terms of mean pain reduction and low intake dose of rescue analgesic, after impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Main outcome variables: The mean post-operative pain score at 4, 6 and 8 hours was 5.60 ± 1.29, 5.34 ± 1.16 and 5.66 ± 1.26 for group A (oral acetaminophen) ver us 3.0 ± 1.24, 2.97 ± 1.10 and 2.86 ± 1.22 for group B (oral celecoxib) (p-value = 0.0001). The mean Ibuprofen consumption (number of tablets) within 24 hours was 2.40 ± 0.88 for group A (oral acetaminophen) versus 0.97 ± 0.66 for group B (oral celecoxib) (p-value = 0.0001).

Study aim: To compare the efficacy of TaurolockHEP500®, as half and one third of standard dose on prevention of catheter related blood stream infection and catheter dysfunction in patients undergoing hemodialysis via tunneled double lumen catheter. Design: Two arm parallel group randomized trial, phase N/A, sample size of 314 , two centers Settings and conduct: Randomized controlled study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology Rawalpindi and Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi from September, 2023 to April, 2024. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: This study included patients who were undergoing hemodialysis via a tunneled double lumen catheter with blood flow rate (BFR) of > 250 mL/min at the start of the study and without previous history of CRBSI. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with catheter dysfunction defined by a (BFR) of < 250 mL/min, allergic to used drugs, with previous history of catheter dysfunction and CRBSI, IV drug abusers, changing dialysis from catheter to AVF were excluded from the study. Intervention groups: After every hemodialysis session, an injection TaurolockHEP500® was administered into the tunnelled double-lumen catheter in half dose for Group A (Intervention Group 1) and one-third dose for Group B (Intervention Group 2). The rest of the space in the catheter’s lumen was filled with heparin. All the patients were then followed for three months. Main outcome variables: Fever and rigors during hemodialysis CRP Blood flow rate during hemodialysis Blood culture and sensitivity

Study aim: To determine the effect of coordinative locomotor training on pain, balance and gait in chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy patients Design: A randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups, a single blinded study of 3rd phase with 19 patients in each group which in total is 38 Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Madina teaching hospital Faisalabad. patientswill be kept unaware which group they are allocated to. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: • Age 35 to 60 years • Both genders male and female • Willing to participate in research • Cancer patients of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ • Receiving neurotoxic drugs (platinum based, taxanes based or both in combination) • Have received at least 4 cycles of chemotherapy treatment • Having numbness and tingling in distal areas • Pain in distal areas • At medium (19-24) to high (<19) risk of fall according to POMA • Able to communicate in Punjabi/Urdu/English • Cognitive dysfunction (Mini-Mental State exam score˂24) • Any recent major surgery • Unhealed lower extremity fracture • Having diabetic neuropathy before getting chemotherapy drugs • Other neurological problems including brain cancer • Cardiovascular diseases • Bone metastasis • Lower limb lymphedema • Musculoskeletal problems • amputated limb • with abnormal visual or auditory senses • uncooperative patients Intervention groups: Group A: coordinative locomotor training group. Group B: Conventional therapy group Main outcome variables: 1.pain 2.balance 3.gait

Study aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Rocabado exercises and myofascial release on pain and jaw mobility in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Design: A single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted with thirty participants included by using convenient sampling technique. Settings and conduct: The study settings included physical therapy out patient departments of Allied Hospital and Madinah Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad. The participants were blinded of the treatment given to them. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: The participants having age 18 to 30 years with mild to moderate temporomandibular joint dysfunction according to fonseca questionnaire and mild to moderate pain levels on numeric pain rating scale with restricted mouth opening were included in the study. the subjects with the history of any recent surgery, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility, severe osteoporosis, unhealed fracture of mandible and advanced diabetes were excluded. Intervention groups: There were two interventional groups named as group A (Rocabado exercises) and group B (Myofascial release technique). The participants of group A received a set of six exercises named as Rocabado exercises as a treatment. These six exercises included rest position of tongue, shoulder posture correction, stabilized cervical flexion, axial extension of neck, controlled TMJ rotation and rhythmic stabilization technique. The participants of group B received myofascial release technique as a treatment approach which included the myofascial release of masseter and temporalis muscles. Main outcome variables: The main outcome variables were severity of dysfunction, pain, functional limitation and mouth opening range of motion.

: Operative Dentistry Department of Islamic International Dental Hospital - Islamabad, Pakistan All patients

through 1. Pakistan Sports Board 2. Cricket Academies Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion

Study aim: To find the effects of Acapella and positive end expiratory pressure device on pulmonary function test, cough maneuver, sputum diary and dyspnea in post-operative laparoscopic patients. Design: Two parallel group , Double blinded, randomized clinical trial with pre and post assessment Settings and conduct: Surgical Ward/Intensive Care Unit Services Hospital Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age criteria of 35-55yrs Patients undergone Laparoscopic Surgery (Cholecystectomy, Liver Biopsy, Ectopic Pregnancy, Splenectomy, and Ovarioectomy). Both male and female Exclusion Criteria: Patients body mass index < 15 kg.m-2 or > 30 kg.m-2 Patient’s history of respiratory tract infection within three months Patient’s baseline arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) < 70 mmHg or arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) > 50 mmHg; baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) < 30% of predicted. Intervention groups: Laparoscopic Surgery Patients using Acapella and Positive End Expiratory Pressure Device. Main outcome variables: Dyspnea will be checked by Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) Sputum Diary will be checked by Breathlessness, Cough, Sputum Scale (BCSS) Pulmonary Function Test will be checked by Spirometer and following four readings will be taken FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1, PEFR

Study aim: To find the effects of Pilates breathing versus Rhythmic initiation Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on pulmonary function tests, dyspnea and chest expansion in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. Design: Two parallel groups, double blinded randomized clinical trial with pre and post assessment Settings and conduct: Pulmonology ward , Ittefaq hospital Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Age group of 35-65years • Both male and females • COPD diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD) guidelines at mild stage EXCLUSION CRITERIA • Patients with any recent surgery • Patients with other medical conditions that may interfere with exercise program • Patients doing yoga training • Diagnosis of other chronic lung disease such as (bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, interstitial lung disease, lung cancer etc. • Mental Illness Intervention groups: Standardized pulmonary rehabilitation program along with Pilates breathing and Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique Main outcome variables: Dyspnea measured using Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale, Chest Expansion measured using Measuring tape, Pulmonary Function Tests using Portable Spirometer

Study aim: To see the effectiveness of neural mobilization and PNF stretching in Bell's palsy patients. To see which one is more effective treatment for the Bell's palsy. Design: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study Settings and conduct: Govt. Allied Hospital Faisalabad; Punjab (Pakistan) Participants

Study aim: The objective of this study is to compare the treatment efficacy of adding neostigmine and atropine to standard treatment regimen versus standard regimen alone for post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) in patients after caesarian section delivery. Design: Double blind, single center, interventional randomized controlled trial Divided into two groups: Modified treatment group (n=65) Standard treatment group (n=65) Studied in two phases (Pain scores in phase 1 and adverse effects in phase 2) The patient were randomized using non-probability consecutive sampling via lottery method on cards given to the resident on duty in the intervention suite Settings and conduct: This was a double-blind study, carried out at the Dept of Anesthesiology, CMH Kharian. sealed envelopes containing pre-made regimes were given in both groups with the administering anesthetist and the anesthetist recording the results unaware of the drug formulation and the study protocol Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria included all patients with post-dural puncture headache presenting to the anesthesia clinic 48-72 hours after caesarian delivery. Exclusion criteria included patients unwilling for IV or oral therapy, refusal to be included in the study, patients with allergy to either atropine, neostigmine, paracetamol and/or ibuprofen, patients with known history of migraine, cluster headache Intervention groups: Patients in the standard regimen received the institute followed conservative management. Patients in the modified regimen received the same protocol and drugs of the standard regimen as well as IV neostigmine 20 mcg/kg and atropine 10 mcg/kg in 20 ml. Main outcome variables: Primary variables measured was pain threshold on visual analog scale (VAS)12 at 6,12,24,48, and 72 hours after the start of treatment.

Study aim: To check the effect of Myofascial release and muscle energy technique on quadratus lumborum in patients with non-specific low back pain patients Design: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with three parallel groups, a single blinded study of third phase in 20 patients in each group that are 60 in total . Settings and conduct: Allied hospital faisalabad and Madinah teaching hospital . Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Informed consent of the patient Diagnosed patient with non specific low back pain Age 18 to 40 years Gender both male and female Patient with pain at the attachment of quadratus lumborum Patients with restricted lateral flexion less than 25 degrees Pain on NPRS in range between 3-7 Patients with history of any spinal surgery in past six months Pathology of spine like tumor,tuberculosis,osteoporosis etc Patients with altered sensation (motor or sensory) Patient with spinal cord injury in past six months Any pathological condition related to hip joint e.g arthritis ,total knee replacement,total hip replacement or pregnancy etc. Intervention groups: GRP A:First, a hot pack is administered as a baseline treatment. 3reps of the treatment will take a total of 15 min. MET of QL given for 10-30 sec GRP B: The caudal hand was put on the participant's thigh, while the cranial arm's elbow was positioned above QL. Elbow was positioned obliquely close to the center of the column, applying minimal pressure. The individual's leg was gently pulled sideways by another hand. There are seven minutes . GRP C:total treatement time is 22 mins .Both techniques METand MFR is given in this group. Main outcome variables: NPRS , ODI and Inclinometer