Study aim: to compare the effects of plyometric training and resistance training on the speed, agility, and power among football players. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial, Parallel Group, Single Blind Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in Pakistan sports Board (PSB), Lahore Pakistan

Study aim: To compare efficacy of topical 5% permethrin versus oral ivermectin in the treatment of scabies Design: Total sample size 60 patients divided in two groups of 30 patients each. Both intervention groups . Single center , community based , parallel group , randomized controlled trial. Settings and conduct: Department of Dermatology Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: ● Patients above 5 years of age and more than 15 kg of weight ● Both genders ● Patients having scabies as per operational definition Exclusion Criteria: ● Pt treated with any scabicidal therapy in the last 01 month ● Pts taking any topical or systemic antibiotic therapy in the week before entry into the study ● H/o allergy to any study drugs ● Immunologically-compromised patients ● H/o secondary bacterial infection ● Pregnancy ● Crusted/Norwegian scabies Intervention groups: After taking permission from ethical committee of hospital 60 Patients with informed consent, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in study. Randomization was conducted through sequentially numbered opaque envelopes generated from a random numbered table into two groups of 30 patients each. Each patient was assigned a number at enrollment which defined a study assignment ( topical 5% permethrin versus oral ivermectin).30 patients sample size for 5% permethrin cream group (Group A) while 30 patients sample size for oral ivermectin group (Group B). Permethrin group were asked to apply the cream to whole body covering neck to toe for 12 hrs. Ivermectin grp were given single dose tab ivermectin . Patients were followed up at the end of 1st , 2nd and 4th weeks. Data regarding efficacy from both groups was noted as per operational definition by researcher on especially designed proforma. Main outcome variables: Pruritus, Scabietic lesions (papules, burrows)

Study aim: To compare the effect of using patellar strap and sports tape in football players with patellar tendinopathy. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial, Parallel Group, Double Blind Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in Pakistan sports Board (PSB), Lahore Pakistan. Football players

Study aim: To determine the effects of DAPRE technique and close kinetic chain exercises on pain intensity, ROM, function, strength among post-operative knee stiffness. Design: Randomize clinical trial, not blind trial, 2 group. Settings and conduct: Pakistan Society of Rehabilitation of Disabled

Study aim: The main objective of this study is to compare the effects of static stretching with and without neurodynamics on range of motion, pain and functional ability in females with hamstrings tightness. Design: A concealed, double blinded, randomized controlled trail with a parallel group design of 62 participants, enrolled between July 2021 and January 2022 And followed for one month. Settings and conduct: females of University of Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: 1.Female participants with hamstring tightness 2.Aging between 18 and 30 years 3.Participants with knee extension ≤ 20°. Non-inclusion Criteria: Patient having history of 1.Neurological disorders 2.Orthopedic diseases (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondylolisthesis) 3.Hamstrings injury or strain 4.Chronic Low back pain 5.Any recent spinal surgery history Intervention groups: Participants will randomly allocated to two different group each contain 31 participants. Group A receive neurodynamics along with static stretching while group B receive only static stretching. Both interventions will be applied for 6 days and followups will be done after 1 month.Then Results of both interventions will be compared. Main outcome variables: Pain; Range of motion; Functional ability

Study aim: To evaluate the comparative effects of mulligan traction straight leg raise versus muscle energy technique on pain intensity and hamstring tightness in patient with knee osteoarthritis Design: The study will be based on research design of randomized clinical trial. Single blind study, in which patient will be blind, patient with osteoarthritis grade1,2 will be included in this study, randomization being accomplished using simple random sampling by means of lottery method. Settings and conduct: Re+active Rehabilitation Center. The participant are kept anonymous for conducting single-blind trail. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Both male and female Patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis grade 1 and grade 2, with the radiographic evidence as Kellgren-Lawrence criteria of knee osteoarthritis, Age between 40 to 65years, Subject shows more than mild pain on VAS, Patient more than mild disability in OKS, Unilateral involvement, participant can walk without any assistive device e.g. crutches or walk helplessly, Patients who will willing to participate, At least can climb and incline the flight of stairs, Patient who quit all pain killers and muscle relaxant medication will be included while pregnant women, participant with diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders related to knee joint e.g. femoral-patellar syndrome, patients with surgical history of lower limbs/spine, patients with pathologies or any deformity of hip joint/spine, patient with neurological disorder for example Alzheimer’s disease, fracture will be excluded. Intervention groups: Both groups will receive moist hot pack and TENS as a baseline treatment. Group A: after baseline treatment mulligan traction straight leg raise technique will be applied on effected leg. Group B: after baseline treatment muscle energy technique will be applied on effected leg. Main outcome variables: Hamstring tightness, knee pain

Study aim: To compare the effects of Muscle energy techniques with Corrective exercise programme on pain, range of motion, function. Design: Randomized Clinical Trial Settings and conduct: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Neck disability index (NDI)score > 30 % (Mild to Moderate disability). Patients diagnosed with upper cross syndrome and having neck pain (Pain intensity on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) > 3)/History of surgery or fracture or joint diseases of the spine Osteoporosis, Acute rheumatoid arthritis, Blood diseases Intervention groups: Group A: Patients in group A will be treated with routine physiotherapy program (30 minutes) combined with muscle energy techniques (METS) (30 minutes) three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Group B: Patients in group B will be treated with routine physiotherapy program (30 minutes) combined with National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) based protocol (30 minutes) three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Main outcome variables: Visual analogue scale Intensity or severity of pain will be measured through Visual analogue scale. Inclinometer Cervical range of motion will be measured through inclinometer. Neck disability index (NDI) To determine the extent of disability and activity limitations due to neck pain and disability, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) will be used.

Study aim: The aim of the study is to examine the effects of conventional rehabilitation program with and without Kinesiology taping for athletes with chronic ankle instability. Design: Randomized controlled trial a single blinded study Settings and conduct: Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore Participants

Study aim: To compare the effects of Ergon Therapy with Routine physical therapy treatment (cryotherapy, ultrasound therapy and stretching exercises) in treating plantar fasciitis. Design: A single blinded randomized controlled trial study will be carried out on patients having Planter fasciitis. Patients will be recruited from Department of Physiotherapy, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore and Citi hospital Lahore. They will be assessed on selection criteria and eligible participants will be randomly allocated into two groups, using sealed enveloped method. Patients will be treated three times a week for total 5 weeks. After allocation in groups, participants will be assessed at baseline. Afterwards data will be collected at 1st-week intervals then 3rd week until the conclusion of 5th-week of interventions. All assessments will be performed by the same assessor at all stages of data collection for all patients. Settings and conduct: Physical Therapy Department of University of Lahore teaching hospital, Citi hospital Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Diagnosed patients of plantar fasciitis. • Age more than 18 years and less than 40 and Both genders. • Connective tissue disorders (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoporosis, Fibromyalgia). Exclusion Criteria: • History of previous surgical treatment or cancer of the heel • Foot and/or ankle fracture Congenital deformity Intervention groups: Group A will be treated with routine physiotherapy program Group B will be treated with routine physiotherapy program combined with Ergon technique Main outcome variables: Visual Analogue Scale, Manual muscle testing and Goniometer

Study aim: Study aims to evaluate the Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Patterns to Improve Gait and Balance in Acute, Sub-acute and Chronic Hemiplegic stroke Patients. Design: Interventional quantitative study Settings and conduct: Al-khidmat hospital Tehseen hospital sheikh zayed hospital Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age 55-70 years. Both genders (male and female). Patients with diagnosis of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Patients (with minimum support) were able to walk 10 meter Exclusion Criteria • Patient with preexisting medical conditions like cardiac disease (coronary or peripheral artery disease, cardiomyopathy) respiratory disease(asthma, pneumonia and lung cancer etc.) neurological condition (epilepsy, headache, seizures, spinal cord injury) or orthopedic diagnosis (OA, RA, CTS etc.) that could interfere training protocol • Patient who are unable to do training program. • Patients who are involved in any kind of other physical therapy or medical treatment. Intervention groups: Treatment group received rhythmic initiation, treadmill with thera band and PNF Active control group recieved rhythmic initiation, treadmill with thera band Main outcome variables: Time Up and Go test Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment

, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria

will be assigned to group B. Settings and conduct: Pakistan sports board and usman clinic

Study aim: The purpose of this research is to to evaluate the effects of stretching and strengthening exercises with and without manual therapy on scapular range of motion, function and pain on individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome. Design: Randomized, superiority,parallel group trail with blinded outcome assessment. Randomization was centralized and computerized with concealed randomization sequence carried out an externa site. Settings and conduct: participants, healthcare providers (Physicians, nurses, etc.) who care for participants during the trial, data collectors, outcome assessors, and with lessor importance Data Safety and Monitoring Board and manuscript writers Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA  Patients of 25-50 years  Both male and female participants will be included.  Participants with history of non-traumatic onset of shoulder pain  Positive painful arc during active elevation of arm  1 or more positive SIS tests (Hawkins-Kennedy, jobe, Neer) or  Participants having pain during passive or isometric resisted external rotation of the arm at 90 degree of abduction.  Pain with palpation of rotator cuff tendons.  On visual Examination 150 degree of arm elevation as determined Exclusion Criteria:  History of clavicle, humerus or scapular fracture and rotator cuff surgery  Numbness or tingling of the upper limb that is reproduced by cervical compression test;  A positive sulcus or apprehension test  A positive drop arm test  A systematic illness  A corticosteroid injection within 3 months prior to intervention  Physical therapy within 6 months prior to intervention Intervention groups: Group A : Exercise with manual therapy group Group B: Exercise group alone Main outcome variables: Quick Dash Questionnaire Numeric Pain rating scale Goniometer

Study aim: to compare the effect of Neurodynamic Sliding versus Muscle Energy Techniques in improving the flexibility of hamstring muscle in subjects with short hamstring syndrome Design: Randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: out-patient department of physiotherapy at University of Lahore, Chenab campus, Gujrat Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 18 to 35 years. 2. Individuals with limited straight leg raise (SLR) i.e. less than 80 degree when performed actively. 3. Both gender. 4. Controlled matched individuals in reference to weight, Height and Body mass index to some extent. Exclusion criteria: 1. Gymnasts 2. Hamstring injury within the past year. 3. Exceeding 80∘ in the initial Straight leg raise test. 4. Verbal report of performing regular lower extremity muscle stretching exercises. 5. History of neck trauma (whiplash), neck symptoms, history of fracture in any part of the body. 6. History of growth disorders, history of neurological or orthopedic disorders, diagnosis of herniated disk, low back pain in the last 6 months, and body mass index lower than 20 Kg/cm 2 or higher than 30 Kg/cm 2 7. Individuals who undergone any flexibility training in last three months 8. Individuals who are on regular use of analgesic medication and muscle relaxant in the last two weeks. Intervention groups: Intervention group A: neurodynamic sliding for hamstring flexibility Intervention group B: muscle energy technique hamstring Main outcome variables: 1. Active SLR (less than 80 degree) with Goniometer for range of Motion 2. Numeric Pain Rating Scale for Pain intensity .

Study aim: • To compare the Effects of open kinetic chain exercises and closed chain exercises on balance and range of motion in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design: Randomized clinical trial, Single-blind (outcomes assessor), on clinically diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis by orthopedic surgeon and radiographic imaging, 46 patients Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in the Outpatient Department of Physical Therapy, Chughtai Rehabilitation Unit, chughtai medical center jail road Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: • Patients between 45-65 years of age and suffering from knee pain for more than 3 months. • OA confirmed by radiographic imaging, Grade I and II according to Kllegren and Lawrence classification of knee OA. Exclusion criteria: • Patients suffering from degenerative diseases of other lower extremity joints. • Patients having other musculoskeletal problems with Red flag signs For instance: Osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, Rheumatoid arthritis. • Prolonged immobilization. • Patients having neurological deficits/Hemiplegics. Intervention groups: Group 1: Patients will be asked to perform open chain exercise using cuff weights of (0.5-2.5Kg) tied on ankle or dorsum of foot in a progressive resistance training according to the strength of the patient by finding his/her 1 repetition maximum. Group 2: Patients will be asked to perform closed chain exercises including step up and step down, terminal extension in standing using therapeutic resistance band of different resistances light, medium and medium to heavy using three colours yellow, red and green respectively in standing position according to their submaximal strength in first session. Two times per week sessions of 1 month protocol will be done in weight bearing/standing position (1 set of 10 reps). Main outcome variables: Joint range of motion; balance

appropriate action for cervical cancer prevention in rural areas of Pakistan. Design: Randomised controlled

Study aim: To find the effects of Abdominal Strengthening exercises with and without Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea. Design: Two groups, Single blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. Settings and conduct: The Perfect Physio And Spine Care Centre, Asjad Clinic, Minhaj Hospital. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Females aged 20 to 30 years; The characteristic of pain must be periodic (at least following 3 menstrual cycles) and gradually diminishes over 12 to 72 hours, ends after period. The pain must start generally in 2 to 3 years after start of menarche; regular menses (25-31 day). Exclusion Criteria: Chronic abdominal pain. Fibroids. Irritable bowel syndrome. Intervention groups: Group A: Abdominal strengthening exercises with TENS. Group B: Abdominal strengthening ecexercises without TENS. Main outcome variables: Work, ability, Location, Intensity, Days of Pain, Dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) Owestry Disability Index (ODI) Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)

.Lifeline Hospital, Johar town Lahore, Pakistan 2.Fatima Memorial Hospital. Shadman, Lahore. Conduct

year Settings and conduct: Pakistan Sports Board Coaching Center Lahore Saeed Ajmal International

Muhammad Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Center, Multan, Pakistan. After approval obtained from the

, Pakistan. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Settings and conduct: Department Of Dermatology, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Study aim: The objective of this study is to assess the effects of resistance exercise on pain and fatigue, mobility, and muscle mass preservation in breast cancer patients. Design: Single blinded. Assessor will be unaware of the intervention (intervention or control). status This study is a randomized controlled trial Participants will be assigned to either the intervention group (resistance exercise) or the control group (usual care) by computer generated Baseline measurements of pain, fatigue, mobility and muscle mass will be recorded. At the midpoint of the intervention period pain, fatigue, mobility, and muscle mass will be reassessed for both groups. At the end of the 6-week intervention, final measurements of pain, fatigue, mobility, and muscle mass will be obtained for both groups. Settings and conduct: Data will be collected from Shaukat khanum hospital, Lahore and oncology department at University of Lahore teaching hospital (ULTH). Blinding Single blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION Age between 18 to 50 years. Breast Cancer survivors. Cancer survivors undergoing pain and moderate fatigue and had treatment with both chemotherapy and radiation therapies. EXCLUSION Recent orthopedic surgery. Active infections in cancer patients of grade III-IV Intervention groups: Group A: participants receive standard care in this group Group B: participants receive resistance exercises with respect to their conditions Main outcome variables: Visual Analog Scale Multidimensional fatigue inventory questionnaire Timed Up and Go (TUG) test

Study aim: The objective of this study was to find out the effects of spider cage therapy on motor control of hemiplegic cerebral palsy children Design: Study design was randomized clinical trials Sampling techniques non probability purposive sampling technique used and subject was allocated in two groups. Randomization was done by lottery method Study population were spastic hemiplegic cp Study Duration 4 moths Sample size 28 calculated by EPI tool Settings and conduct: Mubarak medical complex new block sargodha Khawaja arshad hospital sargodha District head quarter sargodha Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Modified ashworth scale (grade 2) GMFCS level II.. Exclusion criteria: mutliple deformity, mentally retarded Intervention groups: Group A receive spider cage therapy session was consist of 5 days in a week for 9 months. spider cage used to control motor function like kneeling, half kneeling, one leg standing and jumping. Gross motor function scale-88 ( item c, d and e) used to determine motor abilities of cp child. in start of session general body warm up exercises like neck rotation, Elbow flexion and extension, knee extension and ankle rotation Main outcome variables: Gross motor function scale 88 was used for categorize motor abilities of individual of cerebral palsy as baseline start of intervention. While Modified Ashworth scale was used for spasticity

Study aim: To compare the effects of Muscle energy technique and Bowen technique on hamstring tightness in chronic low back pain patients Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blind, randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: MADINA TEACHING HOSPITAL FAISALABAD Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • LBP symptoms from more than 3 months • Both males and females • Patients complaining of pain of ≥ 5 on NPRS • Age between 25 to 50 years • A 20° to 50° loss of active knee extension with hip flexion at 90° • Study participants who are willing to take part • A full passive range of knee extension Exclusion Criteria • Patients, who have undergone back, pelvis, hip, or knee surgery within the preceding three months, as well as those with any history of lower limb fractures. • Any radiating pain or prolapsed intervertebral disc-related neurological symptoms • Patients with co-morbidities other than Chronic Low Back Pain and Hamstrings tightness Pregnancy. Intervention groups: Total 62 participants having chronic low back pain due to hamstring tightness between 25-50 years will be recruited into the study by convenient sampling. After getting ethical approval from the University of Faisalabad, all the participants will sign consent form and will be added into 2 groups by lottery method. The baseline treatment along with group specific treatment will be given to subjects. The numerical pain rating scale for pain, Active knee extension test for hamstring flexibility and Oswestry low back disability index questionnaire for disability. The treatment will be given for three times per week for four weeks and 12 sessions will be given. Main outcome variables: ACTIVE KNEE EXTENSION TEST ,NPRS ,OSWESTRY LOW BACK DISABILITY QUESTIONNARE

Study aim: This study aims to explore synergistic effects of Habe Asgand combined and isometric exercises interventions work together to improve physical function, reduce pain, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals suffering from RA. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomised controlled trial. Total 70 patients will be randomised into three groups. Settings and conduct: At Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences Multan after getting approval from institutional ethical committee. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: Adults (aged 25–60 years) diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on ACR/EULAR 2010 classification criteria, Active disease symptoms with mild to moderate RA severity, Ability to follow an exercise regimen and adhere to treatment. Intervention groups: Group A: will be given 1 tablet (500 mg) of Habb-e-Asgand, twice daily after meals, with lukewarm water for 12 weeks. Group B: will be treated with Isometric Exercise Intervention including quadriceps and hamstring isometric contractions (10-second holds, 10–15 repetitions per set), grip-strengthening exercises (squeezing a stress ball for 5–10 seconds, repeated 10–15 times).Each session lasts 30–40 minutes, with a focus on individual tolerance and gradual progression for 12 weeks. Group C will be given combined Intervention both Habb-e-Asgand regimen and isometric exercise protocol as described above. Main outcome variables: Pain, stiffness, physical activities will be main outcome variables. By using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale , pain stiffness and activities of daily living will be assessed. erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factotr will also be monitored. X-ray will also be done for the assessment of the joints with rheumatoid arthritis.