Study aim: Assessing the comparative effect of integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique and percussive massage with stretching on pain, function and balance of patients with plantar fasciitis. Design: Randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: THQ hospital Jaranwala and Khidmat e Insani hospital Jaranwala Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: Age of 25 to 40 Y, Heel pain untreated for less than 6 months, Subjects with plantar fasciitis diagnosed by Windlass test, Pain on medial tubercle of calcaneus. Exclusion: Recent lower limb fractures and arthrosis, congenital deformity of foot, ankle sprain, calcaneal spurs on medial side of calcaneum, fibromyalgia syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis, pregnant and tarsal tunnel syndrome Intervention groups: Group A will receive Percussive Massage with Stretching Group B will receive Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique Main outcome variables: Pain (Numeric Pain Rate Scale) Lower extremity dynamic balance (Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)) Lower limb disability (Foot and Ankle Disability Index)

, Pakistan Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Hospitals mentioned above are the settings used to

Study aim: The aim of the study is to add in the evidence of physical therapy protocols after the surgical procedure of Total Hip Arthroplasty. Design: Randomized controlled trial, single-centered, concealed, two arm parallel group of 82 patients, with blinded outcome assessment Settings and conduct: Settings- Mayo Hospital Lahore (Orthopedics and Physiotherapy Department ) Blinded outcome assessor Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria Age 30 to 60 years, Total hip arthroplasty, 1 to 16 weeks after THA, Able to understand instructions, Willing to come for all follow-ups, Exclusion Criteria Tumor / cancer, Total knee replacement, Revision arthroplasty surgery, Any underlying terminal disease, Suspicion of infection following joint replacement, Intervention groups: Group A will receive Functional Exercise Protocol Group B will receive Conventional Exercises Protocol Main outcome variables: Pain, stiffness, physical functioning, Health related quality of life,

Study aim: To determine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, mime therapy and sensory exercises on facial symmetry and function in patients with Bell’s Palsy. Design: randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: Setting: Pediatric Physical Therapy and Neuro Rehabilitation Centre, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Age range of 20-45 years • Both the genders • Acute cases Bell’s palsy (1-3 weeks) (Mishra & Sayed, 2021) Exclusion Criteria: • Dental metal prosthesis • Participants with cognitive disorders (Mishra & Sayed, 2021) • Subject along with surgery for ear & facial nerve palsy (Bhagat & Kakkad, 2021) Intervention groups: Group A: PNF • In the treatment session EMS will be applied for 10 minutes, PNF will be applied for 15 minutes along with stretching and strengthening exercises will be performed for 10 minutes Group B: PNF, Mime Therapy and Sensory Exercises • In the treatment session EMS will be applied for 10 minutes, PNF will be applied for 15 minutes along with stretching, Mime therapy will be applied for 10 minutes and sensory exercises will be performed with 5 repetitions each for 10 minutes 3 sessions of 40 minutes will be given to the patient per week for 18 weeks (1.5 months) Main outcome variables: Bell’s Palsy: Bell’s Palsy is a lower motor neuron lesion, the facial symmetry is assessed by Sunnybrooke Facial Grading System. Facial Function: The Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale (FaCE) is a validated patient-based facial grading instrument developed in 2001.

Study aim: To evaluate whether topical application tranexamic acid is effective in reducing post-surgical ooze/drain after supraomohyoid neck dissection for oral, head and neck cancer surgeries, thus reducing the length of hospital stay and complications like infection. Design: Two arm parallel group randomized trial with double blinding.Simple randomisation using a randomisation table created by computer software with allocation using concealed envelopes. A sample size of 44 with 22 in the control group and 22 in the study/intervention group at a tertiary care hospital. Settings and conduct: Tertiary care hospital of CMH (Combined Military Hospital) Lahore and CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Patients 18 years of age or older, and who agree to participate willing undergoing supraomohyoid neck dissection due to oral, head and neck cancers. Exclusion Criteria: Patients who have a history of hypersensitivity or any adverse reaction to tranexamic acid. Patients having thromboembolic events in the past or any related disorder like DVT, bleeding disorders, who have contraindications to TXA, on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Patients who do not consent. Intervention groups: The intervention group will get topical tranexamic acid (20ml at 25mg/ml) sprayed over the surgical site of neck dissection, after hemostasis has been achieved. Followed by neck drain placement and neck closure in 2 layers. Control group will not receive this topical tranexamic acid, and neck shall be closed in 2 layers after placement of neck drain. Main outcome variables: Post-operative drainage for the first 24 hrs., first 5 days and the day of removal of drain are the primary outcomes. Whereas the secondary outcomes are surgical site infection (grade of infection), hematoma formation, flap necrosis for neck dissection complications.

: Data will be collected from District Headquarter hospital ,Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan. Participants

Study aim: To evaluate the effect of Kinesiology Taping and Mulligan’s Pain Release Phenomena in reducing pain in patient having De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis. To determine the effect of Mulligan’s Pain Release Phenomena and Kinesiology Taping for improving the symptoms of De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis without any complication. Design: Single blinded Quantitative study , following the research design of randomized clinical trial .Randomization is through Lottery Method. Settings and conduct: Subjects with De Quervain's Tenosynovitis will be taken from these 3 hospital setting Nishtar Hospital Multan, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Multan and Shahbaz Sharif DHQ Hospital Multan. Blinding: participants will be blinded they will not be aware whether they are Treatment or Active Control Group. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Participants having mild to moderate pain 3 to 6 according to Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Difficulty moving the thumb (with Positive Finkelstein test). Exclusion criteria: Participants with following conditions -Recent fracture of wrist. -Fixed contracture of wrist.-Patient with open wounds.- Perceptive and cognitive disorders. Intervention groups: Group A: 1-Therapeutic Ultrasound (10 min Baseline) Treatment. 2-Kinesiology Taping. Group B: 1-Therapeutic Ultrasound (10 min Baseline) Treatment. 2-Mulligan's Pain Release Phenomena. Main outcome variables: Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Goniometer, Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation

Study aim: To compare the effects of graston tool and post isometric relaxation technique to improve the range of motion on hamstring tightness in young healthy individuals. Design: randomization will be through lottery method, single blinded study will be conducted in which only patient would be blinded. Settings and conduct: subjects with hamstring tightness will be taken from The University Of Faisalabad. subjects will be divided into two groups one group will receive graston technique and other group will receive post isometric relaxation technique. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: people who have asymptomatic hamstring tightness .female and active knee extension test positive and people who will want to part of this study will be included this study. People who have acute and chronic hamstring injury. acute and chronic low back pain, having skin infections ,previous orthopedic surgeries and sciatica patients will be excluded. Intervention groups: Group A and Group B will be given hot pack for 10 minutes as a baseline treatment. Group A will given graston tool and Group B will given post isometric relaxation technique. Both techniques will effective on hamstring tightness but which one will more effective technique. Main outcome variables: Active knee extension test and straight leg raise test

: The study will be conducted in Pakistan sports Board (PSB), Lahore Pakistan. Football players visiting

Study aim: to compare the effects of plyometric training and resistance training on the speed, agility, and power among football players. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial, Parallel Group, Single Blind Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in Pakistan sports Board (PSB), Lahore Pakistan

Study aim: To compare efficacy of topical 5% permethrin versus oral ivermectin in the treatment of scabies Design: Total sample size 60 patients divided in two groups of 30 patients each. Both intervention groups . Single center , community based , parallel group , randomized controlled trial. Settings and conduct: Department of Dermatology Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: ● Patients above 5 years of age and more than 15 kg of weight ● Both genders ● Patients having scabies as per operational definition Exclusion Criteria: ● Pt treated with any scabicidal therapy in the last 01 month ● Pts taking any topical or systemic antibiotic therapy in the week before entry into the study ● H/o allergy to any study drugs ● Immunologically-compromised patients ● H/o secondary bacterial infection ● Pregnancy ● Crusted/Norwegian scabies Intervention groups: After taking permission from ethical committee of hospital 60 Patients with informed consent, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in study. Randomization was conducted through sequentially numbered opaque envelopes generated from a random numbered table into two groups of 30 patients each. Each patient was assigned a number at enrollment which defined a study assignment ( topical 5% permethrin versus oral ivermectin).30 patients sample size for 5% permethrin cream group (Group A) while 30 patients sample size for oral ivermectin group (Group B). Permethrin group were asked to apply the cream to whole body covering neck to toe for 12 hrs. Ivermectin grp were given single dose tab ivermectin . Patients were followed up at the end of 1st , 2nd and 4th weeks. Data regarding efficacy from both groups was noted as per operational definition by researcher on especially designed proforma. Main outcome variables: Pruritus, Scabietic lesions (papules, burrows)

Study aim: To compare the effect of using patellar strap and sports tape in football players with patellar tendinopathy. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial, Parallel Group, Double Blind Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in Pakistan sports Board (PSB), Lahore Pakistan. Football players

Study aim: To determine the effects of DAPRE technique and close kinetic chain exercises on pain intensity, ROM, function, strength among post-operative knee stiffness. Design: Randomize clinical trial, not blind trial, 2 group. Settings and conduct: Pakistan Society of Rehabilitation of Disabled

Study aim: The main objective of this study is to compare the effects of static stretching with and without neurodynamics on range of motion, pain and functional ability in females with hamstrings tightness. Design: A concealed, double blinded, randomized controlled trail with a parallel group design of 62 participants, enrolled between July 2021 and January 2022 And followed for one month. Settings and conduct: females of University of Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: 1.Female participants with hamstring tightness 2.Aging between 18 and 30 years 3.Participants with knee extension ≤ 20°. Non-inclusion Criteria: Patient having history of 1.Neurological disorders 2.Orthopedic diseases (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondylolisthesis) 3.Hamstrings injury or strain 4.Chronic Low back pain 5.Any recent spinal surgery history Intervention groups: Participants will randomly allocated to two different group each contain 31 participants. Group A receive neurodynamics along with static stretching while group B receive only static stretching. Both interventions will be applied for 6 days and followups will be done after 1 month.Then Results of both interventions will be compared. Main outcome variables: Pain; Range of motion; Functional ability

Study aim: To evaluate the comparative effects of mulligan traction straight leg raise versus muscle energy technique on pain intensity and hamstring tightness in patient with knee osteoarthritis Design: The study will be based on research design of randomized clinical trial. Single blind study, in which patient will be blind, patient with osteoarthritis grade1,2 will be included in this study, randomization being accomplished using simple random sampling by means of lottery method. Settings and conduct: Re+active Rehabilitation Center. The participant are kept anonymous for conducting single-blind trail. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Both male and female Patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis grade 1 and grade 2, with the radiographic evidence as Kellgren-Lawrence criteria of knee osteoarthritis, Age between 40 to 65years, Subject shows more than mild pain on VAS, Patient more than mild disability in OKS, Unilateral involvement, participant can walk without any assistive device e.g. crutches or walk helplessly, Patients who will willing to participate, At least can climb and incline the flight of stairs, Patient who quit all pain killers and muscle relaxant medication will be included while pregnant women, participant with diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders related to knee joint e.g. femoral-patellar syndrome, patients with surgical history of lower limbs/spine, patients with pathologies or any deformity of hip joint/spine, patient with neurological disorder for example Alzheimer’s disease, fracture will be excluded. Intervention groups: Both groups will receive moist hot pack and TENS as a baseline treatment. Group A: after baseline treatment mulligan traction straight leg raise technique will be applied on effected leg. Group B: after baseline treatment muscle energy technique will be applied on effected leg. Main outcome variables: Hamstring tightness, knee pain

Study aim: To compare the effects of Muscle energy techniques with Corrective exercise programme on pain, range of motion, function. Design: Randomized Clinical Trial Settings and conduct: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Neck disability index (NDI)score > 30 % (Mild to Moderate disability). Patients diagnosed with upper cross syndrome and having neck pain (Pain intensity on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) > 3)/History of surgery or fracture or joint diseases of the spine Osteoporosis, Acute rheumatoid arthritis, Blood diseases Intervention groups: Group A: Patients in group A will be treated with routine physiotherapy program (30 minutes) combined with muscle energy techniques (METS) (30 minutes) three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Group B: Patients in group B will be treated with routine physiotherapy program (30 minutes) combined with National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) based protocol (30 minutes) three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Main outcome variables: Visual analogue scale Intensity or severity of pain will be measured through Visual analogue scale. Inclinometer Cervical range of motion will be measured through inclinometer. Neck disability index (NDI) To determine the extent of disability and activity limitations due to neck pain and disability, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) will be used.

Study aim: The aim of the study is to examine the effects of conventional rehabilitation program with and without Kinesiology taping for athletes with chronic ankle instability. Design: Randomized controlled trial a single blinded study Settings and conduct: Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore Participants

Study aim: To compare the effects of Ergon Therapy with Routine physical therapy treatment (cryotherapy, ultrasound therapy and stretching exercises) in treating plantar fasciitis. Design: A single blinded randomized controlled trial study will be carried out on patients having Planter fasciitis. Patients will be recruited from Department of Physiotherapy, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore and Citi hospital Lahore. They will be assessed on selection criteria and eligible participants will be randomly allocated into two groups, using sealed enveloped method. Patients will be treated three times a week for total 5 weeks. After allocation in groups, participants will be assessed at baseline. Afterwards data will be collected at 1st-week intervals then 3rd week until the conclusion of 5th-week of interventions. All assessments will be performed by the same assessor at all stages of data collection for all patients. Settings and conduct: Physical Therapy Department of University of Lahore teaching hospital, Citi hospital Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Diagnosed patients of plantar fasciitis. • Age more than 18 years and less than 40 and Both genders. • Connective tissue disorders (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoporosis, Fibromyalgia). Exclusion Criteria: • History of previous surgical treatment or cancer of the heel • Foot and/or ankle fracture Congenital deformity Intervention groups: Group A will be treated with routine physiotherapy program Group B will be treated with routine physiotherapy program combined with Ergon technique Main outcome variables: Visual Analogue Scale, Manual muscle testing and Goniometer

Study aim: Study aims to evaluate the Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Patterns to Improve Gait and Balance in Acute, Sub-acute and Chronic Hemiplegic stroke Patients. Design: Interventional quantitative study Settings and conduct: Al-khidmat hospital Tehseen hospital sheikh zayed hospital Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age 55-70 years. Both genders (male and female). Patients with diagnosis of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Patients (with minimum support) were able to walk 10 meter Exclusion Criteria • Patient with preexisting medical conditions like cardiac disease (coronary or peripheral artery disease, cardiomyopathy) respiratory disease(asthma, pneumonia and lung cancer etc.) neurological condition (epilepsy, headache, seizures, spinal cord injury) or orthopedic diagnosis (OA, RA, CTS etc.) that could interfere training protocol • Patient who are unable to do training program. • Patients who are involved in any kind of other physical therapy or medical treatment. Intervention groups: Treatment group received rhythmic initiation, treadmill with thera band and PNF Active control group recieved rhythmic initiation, treadmill with thera band Main outcome variables: Time Up and Go test Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment

, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria

will be assigned to group B. Settings and conduct: Pakistan sports board and usman clinic

Study aim: The purpose of this research is to to evaluate the effects of stretching and strengthening exercises with and without manual therapy on scapular range of motion, function and pain on individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome. Design: Randomized, superiority,parallel group trail with blinded outcome assessment. Randomization was centralized and computerized with concealed randomization sequence carried out an externa site. Settings and conduct: participants, healthcare providers (Physicians, nurses, etc.) who care for participants during the trial, data collectors, outcome assessors, and with lessor importance Data Safety and Monitoring Board and manuscript writers Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA  Patients of 25-50 years  Both male and female participants will be included.  Participants with history of non-traumatic onset of shoulder pain  Positive painful arc during active elevation of arm  1 or more positive SIS tests (Hawkins-Kennedy, jobe, Neer) or  Participants having pain during passive or isometric resisted external rotation of the arm at 90 degree of abduction.  Pain with palpation of rotator cuff tendons.  On visual Examination 150 degree of arm elevation as determined Exclusion Criteria:  History of clavicle, humerus or scapular fracture and rotator cuff surgery  Numbness or tingling of the upper limb that is reproduced by cervical compression test;  A positive sulcus or apprehension test  A positive drop arm test  A systematic illness  A corticosteroid injection within 3 months prior to intervention  Physical therapy within 6 months prior to intervention Intervention groups: Group A : Exercise with manual therapy group Group B: Exercise group alone Main outcome variables: Quick Dash Questionnaire Numeric Pain rating scale Goniometer

Study aim: to compare the effect of Neurodynamic Sliding versus Muscle Energy Techniques in improving the flexibility of hamstring muscle in subjects with short hamstring syndrome Design: Randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: out-patient department of physiotherapy at University of Lahore, Chenab campus, Gujrat Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 18 to 35 years. 2. Individuals with limited straight leg raise (SLR) i.e. less than 80 degree when performed actively. 3. Both gender. 4. Controlled matched individuals in reference to weight, Height and Body mass index to some extent. Exclusion criteria: 1. Gymnasts 2. Hamstring injury within the past year. 3. Exceeding 80∘ in the initial Straight leg raise test. 4. Verbal report of performing regular lower extremity muscle stretching exercises. 5. History of neck trauma (whiplash), neck symptoms, history of fracture in any part of the body. 6. History of growth disorders, history of neurological or orthopedic disorders, diagnosis of herniated disk, low back pain in the last 6 months, and body mass index lower than 20 Kg/cm 2 or higher than 30 Kg/cm 2 7. Individuals who undergone any flexibility training in last three months 8. Individuals who are on regular use of analgesic medication and muscle relaxant in the last two weeks. Intervention groups: Intervention group A: neurodynamic sliding for hamstring flexibility Intervention group B: muscle energy technique hamstring Main outcome variables: 1. Active SLR (less than 80 degree) with Goniometer for range of Motion 2. Numeric Pain Rating Scale for Pain intensity .

Study aim: • To compare the Effects of open kinetic chain exercises and closed chain exercises on balance and range of motion in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design: Randomized clinical trial, Single-blind (outcomes assessor), on clinically diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis by orthopedic surgeon and radiographic imaging, 46 patients Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in the Outpatient Department of Physical Therapy, Chughtai Rehabilitation Unit, chughtai medical center jail road Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: • Patients between 45-65 years of age and suffering from knee pain for more than 3 months. • OA confirmed by radiographic imaging, Grade I and II according to Kllegren and Lawrence classification of knee OA. Exclusion criteria: • Patients suffering from degenerative diseases of other lower extremity joints. • Patients having other musculoskeletal problems with Red flag signs For instance: Osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, Rheumatoid arthritis. • Prolonged immobilization. • Patients having neurological deficits/Hemiplegics. Intervention groups: Group 1: Patients will be asked to perform open chain exercise using cuff weights of (0.5-2.5Kg) tied on ankle or dorsum of foot in a progressive resistance training according to the strength of the patient by finding his/her 1 repetition maximum. Group 2: Patients will be asked to perform closed chain exercises including step up and step down, terminal extension in standing using therapeutic resistance band of different resistances light, medium and medium to heavy using three colours yellow, red and green respectively in standing position according to their submaximal strength in first session. Two times per week sessions of 1 month protocol will be done in weight bearing/standing position (1 set of 10 reps). Main outcome variables: Joint range of motion; balance

appropriate action for cervical cancer prevention in rural areas of Pakistan. Design: Randomised controlled